[chajin]

43 “Therefore I tell you that the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people who will produce its fruit. 44 Anyone who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces; anyone on whom it falls will be crushed.” 45 When the chief priests and the Pharisees heard Jesus’ parables, they knew he was talking about them.

That's right. He was talking about them. He was not talking about all Israel. Later, Paul described the distinction as being that Israel was the original grapevine, and the Gentiles were being allowed to be grafted on that grapevine, so there is one grapevine, and it is Jewish, but producing fruit by and for Christ. The church has only recently come out of its theological fog and recognized Scripture's words for what they say, that the children of Israel are still the chosen people of God, and the Gentiles are lucky to be allowed in, for which all we Gentiles can thank Jesus.

[Angelino97]

Paul was simply saying the Church is open to everyone. That the Jews who rejected Christ (broken branches, no longer on the vine) can still change their minds and accept Christ (be re-grafted onto the vine).

All the promises to the Jews were fulfilled in Christ. There are no other promises. The modern state of Israel is not part of any divine promise to anyone.