The core area of the Northern Kingdom was where the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim settled—descendants of the sons of Joseph who was a son of Jacob. The other northern tribes were descended from other sons of Jacob—Reuben, Dan, Asher, Gad, Nephthali, Issachar, Zebulon. (Not sure what happened to Simeon—that tribe was settled south of Judah...but Joseph having two tribes makes 13 tribes.) Levites presumably divided between the two kingdoms.