[Svartalfiar]

the Fourteenth Amendment pretty much guarantees any restrictions on the FedGov powers related to the rights of the people are also restrictions on the States.

With exactly what language does the Fourteenth Amendment do that?

Simple. Have you not read this before or heard of anything about "incorporation"?

No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States

[NobleFree]

heard of anything about "incorporation"?

Incorporation was invented by the Supreme Court, and rationalized by the Due Process Clause not the clause you cite. The term occurs nowhere in the amendment.

No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States

No dice. Just as Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1, "The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States" means no discrimination by a state against visitors or immigrants from other states, the clause you cite means no discrimination by a state between its citizens.