[piusv]

The issue isn’t a “bad” leader. The issue is the leader who purports to be Catholic and the Vicar of Christ on Earth and Visible Head of Christ’s Church teaches heresy to Christ’s Church. Popes can be “bad” and “sin”. They can’t teach heresy to the Universal Church. Apples and Oranges.

[ealgeone]

The issue isn’t a “bad” leader. The issue is the leader who purports to be Catholic and the Vicar of Christ on Earth and Visible Head of Christ’s Church teaches heresy to Christ’s Church. Popes can be “bad” and “sin”. They can’t teach heresy to the Universal Church. Apples and Oranges.

Given all of the changes to Rome's theological positions over the years, how does the Roman Catholic determine if this pope is valid or not? Or Vatican 2 or Vatican 1 for that matter?