It’s a 3D image that was burned into the shroud the moment Christ arose from His “death”.
To this day, technology has not been able to duplicate.
The authors claim that they have reproduced the effects on a small scale, using chemicals in use in the 1500s (they give the formula). They claim it is similar to a daguerreotype but using cloth.
To me, the interesting part was debunking the climate-change "science" used to authenticate it.
The biggest surprise was that it was known how to capture an image clear back to Roman times, but they could never figure how to fix the image so it wouldn't fade. The authors did, by exposing the cloth to heat, similar to how you exposed a message written in lemon juice, giving it that scorched effect. (No they didn't claim the image was drawn.)
An interesting "outside the box" theory and would be worthy of a photography class project.