If people needed to expiate their own sins, it would take all eternity to do that, and still that would not be long enough.
Martin Luther fired up the Reformation because of these indulgences
The Catechism of the Catholic Church states,... "An indulgence is obtained through the Church who, by virtue of the power of binding and loosing granted her by Christ Jesus, intervenes in favor of individual Christians and opens for them the treasury of the merits of Christ and the saints to obtain from the Father of mercies the remission of the temporal punishment due for their sins." The Church does this not just to aid Christians, "but also to spur them to works of devotion, penance, and charity" (CCC 1478).