Did the participants say, "I do"?
Was there a certificate?
Marriage.
I have a friend who, in order to marry a divorced Catholic woman (who had the Cult "annul" her marriage (consummated, by the way, with the result being the issue of children... kinda hard to ignore that...), had his marriage "annulled" (which also was consummated and resulted in the issue of a child) -- so BOTH were divorced, consummated their marriages, were married for YEARS, had kids who in college now...and in order for their second marriages to be "valid in the eyes of the Church" had the church go through the sham of annulment.
Neither was incapacitated, or in any other way members of the list you provided that supposedly qualifies for annulment.
Annulment is a FARCE. No such thing when you have consenting adults.
Hoss
maybe the difference will be you actually read and understand this post
ou don’t like Catholic annullment - lets see if you can understand:
Unenforceable Contracts
http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/unenforceable-contracts-tips-33079.html
Since a contract is a legally binding agreement, in the typical scenario, once you enter into a contract with another person or business, you and the other party are both expected to fulfill the terms of the contract. But it’s possible for an otherwise valid contract to be found unenforceable in the eyes of the law, and this article looks at some common situations where that might be the case.
Lack of Capacity
It’s expected that both (or all) parties to a contract have the ability to understand exactly what it is they are agreeing to. If it appears that one side did not have this reasoning capacity, the contract may be held unenforceable against that person. The issue of capacity to contract usually comes up when one side of the agreement is too young or does not have the mental wherewithal to completely understand the agreement and its implications. The general idea here is to prevent an unscrupulous person from taking advantage of someone who lacks the ability to make a reasoned decision. To learn more, check out Nolo’s article Who Lacks the Capacity to Contract?
Duress
duress, or coercion, will invalidate a contract when someone was threatened into making the agreement. In an often cited case involving duress, a shipper (Company A) agreed to transport a certain amount of Company B’s materials, which would be used in a major development project. After Company B’s project was underway and Company A’s ship was en route with the materials, Company A refused to complete the trip unless Company B agreed to pay a higher price. Company B was forced to pay the jacked-up rate because there was no other way to get the material, and not completing the job would lead to unsustainable losses. The court ultimately found that this agreement to raise the price was not enforceable, because it came about through duress. Another common example of duress is blackmail.
Undue Influence
If Person B forced Person A to enter into an agreement by taking advantage of a special or particularly persuasive relationship that Person B had with Person A, the resulting contract might be found unenforceable on grounds of undue influence. In general, to prove undue influence, Person A would have to show that Person B used excessive pressure against Person A during the bargaining process, and that for whatever reason Person A was overly susceptible to the pressure tactics — or that Person B exploited a confidential relationship to exert pressure on Person A.
Misrepresentation
If fraud or misrepresentation occurred during the negotiation process, any resulting contract will probably be held unenforceable. The idea here is to encourage honest, good faith bargaining and transactions. Misrepresentations commonly occur when a party says something false (telling a potential buyer that a house is termite-free when it is not) or, in some other way, conceals or misrepresents a state of affairs (concealing evidence of structural damage in a house’s foundation with paint or a particular placement of furniture).
Nondisclosure
Nondisclosure is essentially misrepresentation through silence — when someone neglects to disclose an important fact about the deal. Courts look at various issues to decide whether a party had a duty to disclose the information, but courts will also consider whether the other party could or should have easily been able to access the same information. It should be noted that parties have a duty to disclose only material facts. But if Party A specifically asks Party B about a fact (material or non-material), then Party B has a duty to disclose the truth.
When contract disputes involve fraudulent dealings like misrepresentation or nondisclosure, and one side of the agreement has already suffered financial losses as a result, a lawsuit for breach of contract might be filed over the matter. Learn more in Nolo’s article Breach of Contract: Material Breach.
...virtually ever single item above will invalidate any Contract.
Since marriage is a contract it is invalid by way of the very same logic.
BTW the above did not consider non-consumation of the marriage sexual union which will also invalidate a Catholic marriage.
your opinion of whether a “valid” marriage can be annulled is just another example of your wrongful protestant interpretation ‘divinely inspired’, I’m sure, of the Catholic faith.
you are wrong again - as usual.
AMDG
How much did they have to pay for the “annulment”?