I think that is a much to narrow meaning. It's the descendants of Esau who have persecuted the Israelites and helped others who did so. It's the descendants of Esau who tempted the Israelites and drew them away from God. It wasn't just one act of Esau that God was referencing. There are many instances of "backsliding" that God has brought man back from and forgiven.
Please note that it is Esau the person that Paul is speaking of, not Edom, his descent.
Hebrews is 100% about individuals, and their personal spiritual state. He notes that Esau tried tearfully to repent of his error. Esau had the same spiritual upbringing as his brother, but a far different final outcome.