No, He didn't. He gave some men gifts of teaching. Nowhere does it say that He invested the Roman church only with that authority.
If this church is not in the Catholic (or Orthodox) Church, where is it?
It's ALL believers who have been born again, regardless of denominational affiliation. The body of Christ is an organism, not an organization. There are saved and unsaved in every denomination. Catholicism is not the body of Christ. Neither are the Baptists, Pentecostals, Presbyterians, Methodists, whatever.
One thing is clear is that is not any any of the Protestant churches which date from only the 16th century.
SO what? Denominations are not the body of Christ.
You are mistaking a part for the whole. The Roman church is only the diocese of Rome. Rather, the authority of the Apostles headed by Peter is today vested in the entire Catholic Church headed by the Pope as their successors. Nor can you just point to all believers. The refusal of all believers to recognize the legitimate authority established by Jesus Christ has resulted in the division and multitude of churches today.