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And of what does that assurance consist, becoming a saint or just feeling justified, or something else?

Good question. It is the assurance that I am, right now, redeemed by the blood of Christ and that the Holy Spirit within me has been given as a GUARANTEE of my redemption. It is in knowing that the very fact that I have received Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord that I am positionally seated already in the heavenlies with Christ and that my ultimate sanctification is assured as I live here on earth. It is explained well in Ephesians 2:1-10

As for you, you were dead in your transgressions and sins, in which you used to live when you followed the ways of this world and of the ruler of the kingdom of the air, the spirit who is now at work in those who are disobedient. All of us also lived among them at one time, gratifying the cravings of our flesh and following its desires and thoughts. Like the rest, we were by nature deserving of wrath. But because of his great love for us, God, who is rich in mercy, made us alive with Christ even when we were dead in transgressions—it is by grace you have been saved. And God raised us up with Christ and seated us with him in the heavenly realms in Christ Jesus, in order that in the coming ages he might show the incomparable riches of his grace, expressed in his kindness to us in Christ Jesus. For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God—not by works, so that no one can boast. For we are God’s handiwork, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do.

Faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen.

We know that we have assurance because God said so and He is trustworthy to keep His promises.

Feelings are nice, but are NOT the barometer of our faith.