Catholicism does not deny God's sovereignty
Calvin, and seemingly your idea of God's sovereignty is within man's concept of time, while the correct sovereignty of God is God knowing everything in one NOW-all at once.
Calvin made the grave mistake of not understanding God is beyond our concept of time and applied everything to his heretical beliefs of denial of free will- in doing so he applied human concept of time to God
You keep insisting on the “denial of free will”. There is only man's will and there is God's will. Man's human will is simply out of step with God's will-otherwise we would ALWAYS be doing God's will. One has to ask themselves that if they are free to do what they want, why in heaven's name don't they do God's will all the time. I certainly wished I could. But I'm corrupted and I make those choices to be like this. That is not free will. That is giving in to my will. Even as a Christian I'm rebellious and wicked. I don't do the things that I want to do and the very things that I don't want to do is what I do. (Romans) This is our dilemma. And it is Christ who paid the price for the sins of my rebelliousness so that God the Father can look past all of my folly and see the perfection of Christ.
It isn't that Calvin couldn't understand the time-space continuum. It's that Calvin understood the nature of man-man does not want to do the things of God. All one has to do is look inside their heart to understand this problem.