Most non-Catholics think there is only one kind of excommunication, ad jure excommunication, which must by inflicted by an ecclesiastical prelate, either when he issues a serious order under pain of excommunication or imposes this penalty by judicial sentence and after a criminal trial. In actuality there are several kinds of excommunication. Excommunication is either a jure (by law ) or ab homine (by judicial act of man, i.e. by a judge).
By Canon Law ad jure is automatic (latae sententiae), and is incurred at the moment of committing the offence for which canon law imposes that penalty. It does not require action or recognition by the Church. By this standard Cuomo and his ilk are already excommunicated.
“It does not require action or recognition by the Church.”
I don’t think an excommunicated person is allowed to receive Communion (until they address it).