It depends upon the community.
In fact it was even common at the time of Christ.
His parents said these things because they feared the Jews, for the Jews had agreed already that if anyone confessed that He was Christ, he would be put out of the synagogue. (John 9:22)
So, just to clarify, within most Jewish communities you can be a religious Jew of various and divergent stripes, you can be a secular Jew, you can even be an atheist Jew, but you cannot be a Christian Jew.