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This is to be a lasting ordinance for you: On the tenth day of the seventh month you must deny yourselves and not do any work—whether native-born or an alien living among you- because on this day atonement will be made for you, to cleanse you. Levitucs 16:29-30

Doesn't this mean there has to be a Temple?

Lev. 16:32 And the priest, who is anointed and consecrated to minister as priest in his father's place, shall make atonement, and put on the linen clothes, the holy garments; (33)then he shall make atonement for the Holy Sanctuary, and he shall make atonement for the tabernacle of meeting and for the altar...

Doesn't this mean there has to be a Temple?

There will be a rebuilt Temple. But you are missing the point. Yom HaKippurim was NEVER about eternal atonement - it was an eternal statute, but its purpose was not eternal salvation. Your perspective is too tied into the anti-Temple theology of Christianity to understand why Jesus and His first disciples worshipped there - and were zealous for it.

Joel's title, and premise, is bogus. "Where do we receive atonement today?" - it shows a profound disregard for the timelessness of the Eternal One. "Today"? Please. He is eternal, and His decrees are eternal.