Who has the authority and who proves that he is a heretic? That is the question. We have no authority. Pope Honorius was excommunicated 45 years after he died, by another pope.
re: What is unclear about this statement?:
"For those who are not formally and visibly members of the Church, salvation in Christ is accessible by virtue of a grace which, while having a mysterious relationship to the Church, does not make them formally part of the Church, but enlightens them in a way which is accommodated to their spiritual and material situation".
That salvation in Christ is accessible by virtue of a grace", IS CORRECT, "salvation is accesible by grace". Without grace there is no turning to God for anyone, Catholic or otherwise. Accesible does not mean that one is saved, it just means that it is available. This does not say that Protestants can be saved outside of the Church, which would be a heresy.