What orders are you imagining now?
That excuse didn't cut it at Nuremberg, IIRC.
Exactly. That's why Calvin is guilty - not because he learned it, but because he did it.
OK, let's extend that to every example of the behavior and the leadership that was responsible.
How many popes are guilty, then? Excluding the one that was dug up, put on trial, declared a posthumous heretic and dumped in the Tiber by the abject nutbag that succeeded him as pope, of course.
Is Pope Formosus now regarded as legitimate, or an "anti-Pope," by the way? How about his successor? What does that do to claims of Apostolic succession? Chucks it in the Tiber, just like Formosus, that's what it does.