This took place way after he allegedly ate and after their eyes were allegedly opened, and after they allegedly received the HolySpirit. This took place the last day Jesus was on earth according to the Bible, 40 days after his curcifixtion, on the Pentecost. Your time frame is a little off.
Wasn’t Pentecost after the Lord was risen?
The “some” who doubted are never really identified and should come as no surprise. Actually, if nobody doubted this could be viewed as unnatural and contrived.
Let me provide an example.
If there are 123 bales of wool missing, and one witness on the stand says, that there were exactly that amount of 123 bales of wool missing and another says that about a 100 were missing. It’s fair to assume that the latter is stating the truth as opposed to the former. Why? Because the latter is attempting to give his best recollection.
If St. Matthew had said “all” believed it would be less credible than if, as he said, “some” doubted. So your passage proves the authenticity of St. Matthew’s Gospel but does not dilute the physical manifestation of a real person (as opposed to a ghost) having a meal as evidence in the Emmaus passage.