That's actually Tradition - that which is passed down.
I know Gabriel stands in the presence of God but how do we know they are THE archangels?
Well, they're not the only ones. Names that end in -iel and -ael are archangels. Again, that's Tradition.
Also, where in scripture is Raphael’s name mentioned?
The book of Tobit or Tobias (Douhay-Rhiems translation). Tobit is Helenistic Hebrew, not part of the Jerusalem Hebrew books and as such was called into question at the Council of Carthage when the Canon was closed. The 13 books that were called into question are known as the Deuterocanonicals. THere are seven in the Old Testament and six in the new. At the time of Luther's revolt, he took them out of his edition of the Bible, only restoring the New Testament books, thus why protestants do not know the Old Testament books. Really rather sad, actually, as Tobit, Sirach, and Wisdom have some of the most beautiful passages in the entire Bible, IMO.
Thanks. I’d like to know a little more (like where the traditions are written or when they came about). I also believe that Michael and Gabriel are archangels but Raphael was a new one on me.
I just don’t believe in the personal angel thing. It’s way too much like the pagan beliefs. It is good enough for me to know that my Lord will send his angels to protect and guard me and I have faith in that.
BTW, how did you find out that names ending in -iel and -ael are archangels? If you have some kind of source, that’d be nice. Sometimes my bible study has discussed angels and it’d be nice to have some more info. Of course we don’t all agree either.