Funny, I doubt Paul considered himself 'Catholic' and certainly did not sign up to all of the Catholic doctrine. But he did consider himself a believer. Calling him "Catholic" is typical of Catholic thinking.
All the Catholic doctrine understood and defined at the time, he certainly did.
You said: Funny, I doubt Paul considered himself ‘Catholic’ and certainly did not sign up to all of the Catholic doctrine.
Well, let’s see, Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, a disciple of the Apostle John, on his way to martyrdom in Rome writes: “Wherever the bishop appears, there let the people be; as wherever Jesus Christ is, there is the Catholic Church. It is not lawful to baptize or give communion without the consent of the bishop. On the other hand, whatever has his approval is pleasing to God. Thus, whatever is done will be safe and valid.” Letter to the Smyrnaeans 8
This letter shows that during the apostolic age the Church is called the Catholic Church.