You see the metaphors Christ used as absolutes. They are not. Clear declaratives by God give the hard truth. Take it up with Him, not Luther - these Scriptures weren’t written by him:
Gen 5:3 “And Adam lived an hundred and thirty years, and begat a son in his own likeness, after his image; and called his name Seth”
Eph 2:1-10 “And you hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins: Wherein in time past ye walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience: Among whom also we all had our conversation in times past in the lusts of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind; and were by nature the children of wrath, even as others. But God, who is rich in mercy, for his great love wherewith he loved us, Even when we were dead in sins, hath quickened us together with Christ, (by grace ye are saved;) And hath raised us up together, and made us sit together in heavenly places in Christ Jesus: That in the ages to come he might show the exceeding riches of his grace in his kindness toward us through Christ Jesus. For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man should boast. For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good works, which God hath before ordained that we should walk in them.”
Col 2:13 “And you, being dead in your sins and the uncircumcision of your flesh, hath he quickened together with him, having forgiven you all trespasses”
1 Peter 2:24 “Who (Christ) his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree, that we, being dead to sins, should live unto righteousness: by whose stripes ye were healed.”
This verse shows that the healing (this relates to Isaiah as well as to the verses you cited) is the spiritual resurrection to new life in Christ that takes place when one is born again.
The penalty of sin is death. All men are born in sin - spiritually dead. The blood of the Lamb covered the sins of many, giving new life to those who believe on Christ.
If people are merely ill, sin’s penalty is not death and saving faith would nor result in new life in Christ.
The Bible’s teaching about unregenerate man is not contained in those 3 verse you cited.
It's not "new" life; it's the same life, but changed. It's not a new heart, but a changed heart. It's not new will, but changed will.
You die to your old ways and are "born again" in new ways. It's like being a habitual smoker and kicking the habit with God's help.
If you are truly a reformed smoker or a reformed alcoholic, you will never go back to either.
The penalty of sin is death
Yes because unrepentant sin is separation from God, who is life. He is our life-support System.
The blood of the Lamb covered the sins of many, giving new life to those who believe on Christ.
That is not the uninterrupted teaching of the Church. Christ took the sins of all mankind on himself as ransom for our freedom from death. That was a gift.
With the freedom He gained for us, those who come to Him freely in Baptism and Faith are justified in God's eyes. That we have to work for by dying to our old ways and living a life of imitating Christ.
The Bible’s teaching about unregenerate man is not contained in those 3 verse you cited
So what makes Paul greater authority than Matthew, Mark or Luke? The teaching about the unregenerate man is Paul's theology, not the teaching of the Bible as a whole, or for that matter the Church as a whole.