Yes, that's that argument is a classic anti-Catholic argument to attempt to debunk the papacy, even when proof to the contrary is given.
Linus was the second Pope; we know that he knew Paul, because he is mentioned in 2 Tim. 4:21. He was followed by Cletus, who was followed by Clement (mentioned in Phil 4:3)... and so it goes.
By the way, you do realize that this has NOTHING to do with the topic of this thread?
Where is that lineage documented in the Bible?