Posted on 09/18/2006 1:51:27 PM PDT by PatrickHenry
According to a 2005 Pew Research Center poll, 70 percent of evangelical Christians believe that living beings have always existed in their present form, compared with 32 percent of Protestants and 31 percent of Catholics. Politically, 60 percent of Republicans are creationists, whereas only 11 percent accept evolution, compared with 29 percent of Democrats who are creationists and 44 percent who accept evolution. A 2005 Harris Poll found that 63 percent of liberals but only 37 percent of conservatives believe that humans and apes have a common ancestry. What these figures confirm for us is that there are religious and political reasons for rejecting evolution. Can one be a conservative Christian and a Darwinian? Yes. Here's how.
1. Evolution fits well with good theology. Christians believe in an omniscient and omnipotent God. What difference does it make when God created the universe--10,000 years ago or 10,000,000,000 years ago? The glory of the creation commands reverence regardless of how many zeroes in the date. And what difference does it make how God created life--spoken word or natural forces? The grandeur of life's complexity elicits awe regardless of what creative processes were employed. Christians (indeed, all faiths) should embrace modern science for what it has done to reveal the magnificence of the divine in a depth and detail unmatched by ancient texts.
2. Creationism is bad theology. The watchmaker God of intelligent-design creationism is delimited to being a garage tinkerer piecing together life out of available parts. This God is just a genetic engineer slightly more advanced than we are. An omniscient and omnipotent God must be above such humanlike constraints. As Protestant theologian Langdon Gilkey wrote, "The Christian idea, far from merely representing a primitive anthropomorphic projection of human art upon the cosmos, systematically repudiates all direct analogy from human art." Calling God a watchmaker is belittling.
3. Evolution explains original sin and the Christian model of human nature. As a social primate, we evolved within-group amity and between-group enmity. By nature, then, we are cooperative and competitive, altruistic and selfish, greedy and generous, peaceful and bellicose; in short, good and evil. Moral codes and a society based on the rule of law are necessary to accentuate the positive and attenuate the negative sides of our evolved nature.
4. Evolution explains family values. The following characteristics are the foundation of families and societies and are shared by humans and other social mammals: attachment and bonding, cooperation and reciprocity, sympathy and empathy, conflict resolution, community concern and reputation anxiety, and response to group social norms. As a social primate species, we evolved morality to enhance the survival of both family and community. Subsequently, religions designed moral codes based on our evolved moral natures.
5. Evolution accounts for specific Christian moral precepts. Much of Christian morality has to do with human relationships, most notably truth telling and marital fidelity, because the violation of these principles causes a severe breakdown in trust, which is the foundation of family and community. Evolution describes how we developed into pair-bonded primates and how adultery violates trust. Likewise, truth telling is vital for trust in our society, so lying is a sin.
6. Evolution explains conservative free-market economics. Charles Darwin's "natural selection" is precisely parallel to Adam Smith's "invisible hand." Darwin showed how complex design and ecological balance were unintended consequences of competition among individual organisms. Smith showed how national wealth and social harmony were unintended consequences of competition among individual people. Nature's economy mirrors society's economy. Both are designed from the bottom up, not the top down.
Because the theory of evolution provides a scientific foundation for the core values shared by most Christians and conservatives, it should be embraced. The senseless conflict between science and religion must end now, or else, as the Book of Proverbs (11:29) warned: "He that troubleth his own house shall inherit the wind."
indeed so.
I think.
unless "888" involves giant land tortoises, in which case all bets are off and I'm running for the hills.
Well here it is for non-linkers:
The Aztecs had believed the world would end in one of four ways: earthquake, fire, flood, or jaguars falling from the sky. Here there would be no fire. Nor earthquake nor flood, now that he thought of it. Leaving only the jaguars ... "
- Kim Stanley Robinson, Red Mars, p. 14
I'm guessing that "jaguars falling from the sky" refers to meteors, comets, asteroids
but what was the word itself (represented in Roman letters)?
At my age, I guess I need it...
Thank you....
Those are small fry in comparison. Civilization survived -- even thrived -- during those disasters. We're talking a disaster that reduced the human population to a bare minimum.
besides, we have the advantage of written records and other durable datastorage media, and are VERY accustomed to relying on them. oral tradition has been pretty dead in the west for centuries.
And I' asking who would be alive to remember such an event, and how would they know it wasn't local?
The few survivors would pass it down as oral tradition. And if your whole world is devestated, far as far as you can see or travel, you probably assume it wasn't local.
well, ok... can we agree that it'd be 'bout the only memorable thing the survivors'd have to jaw about, ever?
irrespective of its scale.
And I' asking who would be alive to remember such an event, and how would they know it wasn't local?
I doubt tribal memory would extend that far.
For many events five generations would be about it. For truly memorable events with relatively large populations I suspect a few thousand years would be about the limit.
one thing, though
memory becomes legend becomes mythology
at each step more removed from the facts, but still carrying a grain
and, remember - from our perspective, these people lived DULL lives.
what do folks in similarly monotonous settings do now?
jaw, endlessly, about hoary memories, legends, and myths.
thanks
You'd have the same effect if it was local. Occam's Razor.
To which you replied:
Science isn't after TRUTH. Just knowledge -- something that can be accumulated.
If I may be so bold as to refer to the one in the second person nominative, js1138, you said something important. A source of much consternation on these threads is the difference in the standard of evidence held by the parties involved.
Science, by its very nature, is conservative. Standards of evidence are strict. To questions there exist right and wrong answers. It is possible to verify these answers objectively. Vigorous investigation into the methods used to attain answers is demanded. Sources must be cited and evaluated for accuracy.
A remarkable level of confidence in knowledge is achieved because the scope of scientific investigation is carefully limited to those questions which are possible to be verified using one method or the other. Furthermore, the personal beliefs, politics, and religious views of the investigator have no bearing on the outcome because the physical world knows nothing of our faith or desires. Science is a tool, or a system of tools, for accumulating knowledge of the physical world that is reasonably accurate.
People arguing from a scientific standpoint are accustomed to being able to tell someone "I'm sorry, you are incorrect on that point" because it is possible for people to be incorrect on one point or the other. Such a statement does not constitute a personal attack any more than does a teacher marking a student wrong on a test. The standard of evidence in this sub-forum, however, is significantly different. The search for religious Truth with a capital 'T' is a whole different ball of wax, if you'll excuse the expression.
On this forum, such a statement is said to "make things personal." Why? Because the nature of the search for truth on this forum is inextricable from the theological underpinnings of the posters on it -- something that is not true in the search for scientific knowledge. Here, for one to be told they are incorrect is tantamount to being told one is in apostasy. Thus the prohibition of direct criticism of religious beliefs, the protection of certain threads from doctrinal challenges, etc. These rules have been established to prevent this topical forum from descending into sectarian warfare; a measure taken for the good of the forum to ensure some measure of usefulness and dialog. Personally, I don't have any problem with these rules. I understand the need for moderation and the desire to keep the forum both polite and vibrant.
However, when these two worlds collide the results are not pretty. The scientifically-minded group wants to correct factual errors, while the theologically-minded group wants to express their deep-seated convictions. There is little possibility of reconciling these two styles of argumentation.
It is my opinion that under most circumstances scientific threads should not be moved into the religion forum. Given the standing rules of the religion forum, it is impossible for the scientific viewpoint to be argued effectively. In sum, I am of the mind that scientific topics should generally be considered poisonous or toxic here.
Just imagine a primitive society, with no contact to the outside world, seeing a plane flying overhead...what would they think it to be?...we know it is an airplane, but they might imagine it to be some sort of mythical beast high up in the air...sometimes what a primitive society reports and records as part of their oral history, is just something modern that they know nothing about....
no need for imagination. google [WWII>Pacific>cargo cults]
Where have we heard that attitude before? Oh yes, that proven heretic, Galileo, was of a similar mind. Well, we showed him, didn't we?
Durned science! Thank God for the religion forum.
[Motive disclaimer: Nothing personal, you understand. Everyone is wonderful. I have no improper motivations.]
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