A Privileged Sign of the Love of God

VATICAN CITY, FEB. 22, 2006 (Zenit.org).- Here is a translation of Benedict XVI's address at today's general audience, on the feast of the Chair of St. Peter.

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Dear Brothers and Sisters!

The Latin liturgy celebrates today the feast of the Chair of Peter. It is a very ancient tradition, witnessed in Rome since the end of the fourth century, which renders thanksgiving to God for the mission entrusted to the Apostle Peter and his successors.

"Cathedra" literally means the established seat of the bishop, located in the mother church of a diocese, which for this reason is called "cathedral," and it is the symbol of the authority of the bishop and, in particular, of his "magisterium," that is, of the evangelical teaching that he, insofar as a successor of the apostles, is called to guard and transmit to the Christian community.

When the bishop takes possession of the local Church that is entrusted to him, he, bearing the miter and the shepherd's crosier, sits on the cathedra. From that seat he will guide, as teacher and shepherd, the journey of the faithful in faith, hope and charity.

Which was, then, the "cathedra" if St. Peter? He, chosen by Christ as "rock" on which to build the Church (cf. Matthew 16:18), began his ministry in Jerusalem, after the ascension of the Lord and Pentecost. The first "seat" of the Church was the Cenacle, and in all probability in that room, where Mary, the Mother of Jesus, also prayed with the disciples, a special place was reserved for Simon Peter.

Subsequently, the see of Peter was Antioch, a city situated on the Oronte River in Syria, today Turkey, which at the time was the third metropolis of the Roman Empire after Rome and Alexandria in Egypt. Of that city, evangelized by Barnabas and Paul, where "for the first time the disciples were called Christians" (Acts 11:26), Peter was the first Bishop.

In fact, the Roman Martyrology, before the reform of the calendar, established also a specific celebration of the Chair of Peter at Antioch. From there, Providence led Peter to Rome, where he concluded with martyrdom his course of service to the Gospel. For this reason, the See of Rome, which had received the greatest honor, received also the task entrusted by Christ to Peter of being at the service of all the local Churches for the building and unity of the whole People of God.

In this way the See of Rome came to be known as that of the Successor of Peter, and the "cathedra" of its Bishop represented that of the apostle charged by Christ to feed all his flock. It is attested by the most ancient Fathers of the Church, as for example St. Irenaeus, bishop of Lyon, who in his treatise "Against Heresies" describes the Church of Rome as "greatest and most ancient, known by all; ... founded and constituted at Rome by the two glorious Apostles Peter and Paul"; and he adds: "With this Church, because of her outstanding superiority, the universal Church must be in agreement, that is, the faithful everywhere" (III, 3, 2-3).

Tertullian, for his part, affirms: "How blessed this Church of Rome is! The Apostles themselves shed on her, with their blood, the whole of the doctrine" ("La Prescrizione degli Eretici," 36). The Chair of the Bishop of Rome represents, therefore, not only his service to the Roman community, but also his mission of guide of the whole People of God.

To celebrate the "Chair" of Peter, as we do today, means, therefore, to attribute to it a strong spiritual significance and to recognize in it a privileged sign of the love of God, good and eternal Shepherd, who wants to gather the whole of his Church and guide her along the way of salvation.

Among so many testimonies of the Fathers, I would like to refer to that of St. Jerome, taken from a letter of his to the Bishop of Rome, particularly interesting because he makes explicit reference in fact to the "chair" of Peter, presenting it as the safe harbor of truth and peace. Jerome writes thus: "I decided to consult the chair of Peter, where that faith is found exalted by the lips of an Apostle; I now come to ask for nourishment for my soul there, where once you received the garment of Christ. I follow no leader save Christ, so I enter into communion with your beatitude, that is, with the chair of Peter for this I know is the rock upon which the Church is built! ("Le Lettere," I, 15,1-2).

Dear Brothers and Sisters, in the apse of St. Peter's Basilica, as you know, is found the monument to the Chair of the Apostle, a mature work of Bernini, made in the shape of a great bronze throne, supported by the statues of four Doctors of the Church, two from the West, St. Augustine and St. Ambrose, and two from the East, St. John Chrysostom and St. Athanasius.

I invite you to pause before that evocative work, which today it is possible to admire decorated with so many candles, and pray in a particular way for the ministry that God has entrusted to me. Raising one's gaze to the alabaster glass window that opens precisely above the chair, invoke the Holy Spirit, so that he will always sustain with his light and strength my daily service to the whole Church. For this, as for your devoted attention, I thank you from my heart.

[Translation by ZENIT]

[At the end of the audience, the Holy Father read the following summary in English:]

Today we celebrate the feast of the Chair of Peter. It is an ancient feast, dating back to the fourth century, which gives thanks to God for the mission entrusted to the Apostle Peter and to his successors.

The first "seat" of the Church was the Cenacle where, in all probability, there was a special place reserved for Simon Peter. From there the "seat" of Peter moved to Antioch where he became its first Bishop, and from there, Providence led Peter to Rome where his service to the Gospel was crowned with martyrdom.

In this way Rome came to be known as the "See" of the successor of Peter and the "cathedra" of its Bishop, as representing the mission entrusted to him by Christ to shepherd his entire flock. In celebrating the "Chair" of Peter we thus recognize its spiritual significance: It is a special sign of the love of God -- the good and eternal Shepherd -- who guides the whole Church along the way of salvation. In the words of St. Jerome, "I follow no leader save Christ so I consult the chair of Peter, for this I know is the rock upon which the Church is built!"

[The Pope then greeted pilgrims in several languages. In English, he said:]

I warmly welcome all the English-speaking pilgrims present at this audience. In particular, I greet the members of the Pro Oriente Syriac Commission, and also the members of the British Parliament.

Today, I invite you all to visit the specially decorated monument to the "cathedra" of Peter, in the basilica. There, I ask you to pray that the Holy Spirit may enlighten me and support me in my service to the Church. Thank you and may God bless you all!

Announcement of Consistory for 15 New Cardinals

"To Help and Support Peter's Successor"

VATICAN CITY, FEB. 22, 2006 (Zenit.org).- Here is a translation of the address Benedict XVI delivered after today's general audience, to announce the elevation of 15 new cardinals in a consistory next month.

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The feast of the Chair of St. Peter is a particularly appropriate day to announce that, next March 24, I will hold a consistory in which I will name the new members of the College of Cardinals.

This announcement is appropriately framed in the Feast of the Chair, because cardinals have the duty to help and support Peter's Successor in carrying out the apostolic task entrusted to him in the service of the Church.

It is no accident that, in ancient ecclesiastical documents, the popes described the College of Cardinals as "pars corporis nostri" ["part of our body"] (cf. F.X. Wernz, "Ius Decretalium," II, No. 459). The cardinals constitute a sort of senate around the Pope upon which he relies in carrying out the duties associated with his ministry as "permanent and visible source and foundation of unity of faith and communion" (cf. "Lumen Gentium," No. 18).

Therefore, with the creation of the new cardinals I intend to complete the number of 120 member electors of the College of Cardinals, established by Pope Paul VI of venerated memory (cf. "Acta Apostolicae Sedis" 65, 1973, p. 163). These are the names of the new cardinals.

1. Monsignor William Joseph Levada, prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith;

2. Monsignor Franc Rodé, C.M., prefect of the Congregation for the Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life;

3. Monsignor Agostino Vallini, prefect of the Supreme Court of the Apostolic Signature;

4. Monsignor Jorge Liberato Urosa Savino, archbishop of Caracas;

5. Monsignor Gaudencio B. Rosales, archbishop of Manila;

6. Monsignor Jean-Pierre Ricard, archbishop of Bordeaux;

7. Monsignor Antonio Cañizares Llovera, archbishop of Todelo;

8. Monsignor Nicolas Cheong Jin-Suk, archbishop of Seoul;

9. Monsignor Sean Patrick O'Malley, O.F.M. Cap., archbishop of Boston;

10. Monsignor Stanislaw Dziwisz, archbishop of Krakow;

11. Monsignor Carlo Caffarra, archbishop of Bologna;

12. Monsignor Joseph Zen Ze-kiun, SDB, bishop of Hong Kong.

Moreover, I have decided to elevate to the dignity of cardinal three prelates over the age of 80, in consideration of the service they have rendered to the Church with exemplary faithfulness and admirable dedication.

They are:

1. Monsignor Andrea Cordero Lanza Di Montezemolo, archpriest of the Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls;

2. Monsignor Peter Poreku Dery, archbishop emeritus of Tamale, Ghana;

3. Father Albert Vanhoye, S.J., formerly distinguished rector of the Pontifical Biblical Institute and secretary of the Pontifical Biblical Commission.

The new cardinals well reflect the universality of the Church. In fact, they come from various parts of the world and undertake different duties in the service of the People of God.

I invite you to raise a special prayer to the Lord for them, that he may concede them the grace necessary to carry out their mission with generosity.

As I said at the beginning, next March 24 I will hold the announced consistory and the following day, March 25, solemnity of the Annunciation of the Lord, I will have the joy of presiding over a solemn celebration with the new cardinals.

On that occasion I will invite all the members of the College of Cardinals to participate, with whom I intend to hold a meeting of reflection and prayer the previous day, March 23.

Let us conclude now with the singing of the Pater Noster.

[Translation by ZENIT]

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