Actually, my friend, the first recorded instance of Peter not being in Rome are the scriptures themselves.
Jesus gave the "Twelve" the Great Commission. Rome was a Gentile city and Claudius had banished all Jews from the city in 50 A.D. In verse 6 he tells the "Twelve" to go to the lost sheep.
Jesus himself, when asked, says the same thing. The lost sheep did not reside anywhere near Rome.
Paul was designated Apostle to the Gentiles, not Peter, and Acts 15:9 gives the authority to Paul. If you notice, Paul has the divine authority to preach to both Gentile and Jew.....Peter and the "Twelve" did not. It is further magnified in Galatians 2:7.
Again, Paul specifically had been given the authority to preach to the Gentiles (read Rome) here and that it was Christ who had chosen him.
Paul tells us he will establish the Roman Church. This happens about 55 A.D. and Paul states emphatically that he would not build upon another's foundation. Does this sound to you like Peter had been in Rome, against divine orders, evangelizing?
At the end of the Book of Romans Paul greet about 28 different individuals.....Peter is never mentioned. Odd?
In Acts 28:15 Paul is greeted by some "brothers" who had heard of his arrival....no mention of Peter. Odd? This is about four years after he wrote to the Romans.
When Paul arrived in Rome he summoned the The chief of the Jews whom he expounded and testified to the Kingdom of God. Where is Peter...Odd? The Jews even say is verse 22 that they want to hear everything about "This New Sect". Remember....Peter was an Apostle to the circumcised.
At his second trial in Rome Paul says he was alone in his defense. Where was Peter? And as for now. Peter never was in .....or about Rome.
When did they return?
The scriptures don't say Peter was never in Rome. You've jumped to that conclusion. Where does scripture say Peter died and was buried?
You can't be serious. You cite Matthew 10:5
5These twelve Jesus sent forth, and commanded them, saying, Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans enter ye not:
As proof that no Apostle ever went into any Gentile city, such as Rome?
This is a perfect example of cherrypicking verses out of context. This event happens near the beginning of Jesus' ministry, before the Resurrection, when He is calling together the good out of the Jewish people.
Only later, after the Resurrection does the promise of life in Christ extend out to all the nations.
That is the "Great Commission."
Matt 28:19 Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:
SD