The Creeds are the basic Dogma of Christ's Church, to identify it against those, like the Gnostics, who would have bastardized it. Jesus spoke of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit (the Paraclete), about his Church, and the Saints (those who would be with him in Heaven.)
No, of course Jesus did not, since they were not written. One doesn't have to say what they say, or believe what they tell you to believe, in order to call oneself a christian. You don't have to believe in the Trinity, You don't even have to believe Jesus is God. No, you only have to do those things to really BE a Christian.
Did He ever utter the phrase "sola Scriptura" in any language?