The church established by Jesus continued to exist even after the apostate Catholic church came into existence. By you logic every church that has come into existence that was not "His church" would have been stamped out via "divine providence." God gives man a choice. Either obey the teachings of the Bible or men such as the Pope, Mohammed, or Joseph Smith.
No. God knows that we are prone to sin, error and failure. He foreknew that breaches would come in His Church's unity. He encompassed that in His Providence. But He would NOT have allowed such errors to overcome His Church *immediately* after He founded it and gave it its set of original "operating instructions." That is blasphemy to even say, since it says, in effect, that He was too incompetent to even get His Church off the ground on the right footing. The Parable ofm the Wheat and the Tares (Matthew 13:24-30) has more than one application, of course, but certainly one of the applications is the state of affairs the overall Chritian community finds itself in with respect to so much division. He knew it would come, but He Himself did NOT instigate it with murkiness and obscurity in His own words.