From the OCA Q & A:
http://www.oca.org/QA.asp?ID=4&SID=3
St. Augustine & Original Sin
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QUESTION:
Is it true, as I have been told, that the Orthodox Church does not celebrate Augustine of Hippo as a Saint and has no doctrine of original sin.
Surely human sufficience is at the root of secularism.
ANSWER:
While the Orthodox Church does accord Augustine of Hippo the title "saint" and recognizes the vast number of theological works he produced, Augustine was not as well known in the Christian East. His works were not translated into Greek until the 14th century; as such, he had little or no influence on mainstream Orthodox thought until 17th century Ukraine and 18th century Russia, primarily through the influence of western clergy and the establishment of theological schools which relied on Latin models with respect to curricula, text books, etc.
With regard to original sin, the difference between Orthodox Christianity and the West may be outlined as follows:
In the Orthodox Faith, the term "original sin" refers to the "first" sin of Adam and Eve. As a result of this sin, humanity bears the "consequences" of sin, the chief of which is death. Here the word "original" may be seen as synonymous with "first." Hence, the "original sin" refers to the "first sin" in much the same way as "original chair" refers to the "first chair."
In the West, humanity likewise bears the "consequences" of the "original sin" of Adam and Eve. However, the West also understands that humanity is likewise "guilty" of the sin of Adam and Eve. The term "Original Sin" here refers to the condition into which humanity is born, a condition in which guilt as well as consequence is involved.
In the Orthodox Christian understanding, while humanity does bear the consequences of the original, or first, sin, humanity does not bear the personal guilt associated with this sin. Adam and Eve are guilty of their willful action; we bear the consequences, chief of which is death.
One might look at all of this in a completely different light. Imagine, if you will, that one of your close relatives was a mass murderer. He committed many serious crimes for which he was found guilty and perhaps even admitted his guilt publicly. You, as his or her son or brother or cousin, may very well bear the consequences of his action - people may shy away from you or say, "Watch out for him - he comes from a family of mass murderers." Your name may be tainted, or you may face some other forms of discrimination as a consequence of your relative’s sin. You, however, are not personally guilty of his or her sin.
There are some within Orthodoxy who approach a westernized view of sin, primarily after the 17th and 18th centuries due to a variety of westernizing influences particularly in Ukraine and Russia after the time of Peter Mohyla. These influences have from time to time colored explanations of the Orthodox Faith which are in many respects lacking.
We don't believe we bear the guilt of Adam and Eve's sin as if it were our personal sin. Although it is proper to each individual, original sin does not have the charecter of a personal fault in any of Adam's descendants. It is a deprivation of original holiness and justcie, but human nature has not been totally corrupt...Baptism, by imparting the life of Christ's grace, erases original sin and turns man back toward God, but the consequences for nature, weakened and inclined to evil, persist in man and summon him to spiritual battle. (CCC 405)
The Council of Trent is merely balancing the heresy of Pelagianism, which calls Adam's sin a "bad example" and that men of today are not effected by it vs. the Protestant Reformation, which claimed that man was radically perverted and had NO freedom of will. The Church refutes both positions.
"By one man's disobedience many (that is, all men) were made sinners"..."sin came into the world through one man and death through sin, and so death spread to all men because all men sinned" (Romans 5:23, 19) Since the whole human race is in Adam "as one body of one man (as we are in the New Adam)", ALL men are implicated in Adam's sin and ALL men are implicated in Christ's Justice. While we do not have personal guilt, we, as one Body, share in the guilt of Adam. Since Adam received original holiness for himself and ALL human nature, his fallen state is also propagated to us. Original sin is a sin "contracted" not "committed" - it is a state, not an act.
Regards