I was Catholic educated all through grade school & high school. I was an Aler Boy and an Ad Aitare Dei Medal boy scout. I never recall being taught that.
I do not now beleive that. Beilief in Christ's divinity & his sacrifice for our salvation are not the only aspects of Vhristianity, but they are the most important.
Uust because you were not taught that does not mean this is not what the Church believes.
In fact, the three quotes below show it to be infallible, De Fide teaching; in short, in order to call one's self "Catholic," one must adhere to this belief. Most "Catholics" of course, are as religiously indifferent as you are. Now at least you cannot claim you don't know what the Church teaches because here it is. The Church was instituted by Jesus Christ; therefore, to deny this De Fide Dogma, is a denial of Christ's Truth Himself.
"There is but one universal Church of the faithful, outside which no one at all is saved." (Pope Innocent III, Fourth Lateran Council, 1215.)
"We declare, say, define, and pronounce that it is absolutely necessary for the salvation of every human creature to be subject to the Roman Pontiff." (Pope Boniface VIII, the Bull Unam Sanctam, 1302.)
"The most Holy Roman Church firmly believes, professes and preaches that none of those existing outside the Catholic Church, not only pagans, but also Jews and heretics and schismatics, can have a share in life eternal; but that they will go into the eternal fire which was prepared for the devil and his angels, unless before death they are joined with Her; and that so important is the unity of this ecclesiastical body that only those remaining within this unity can profit by the sacraments of the Church unto salvation, and they alone can receive an eternal recompense for their fasts, their almsgivings, their other works of Christian piety and the duties of a Christian soldier. No one, let his almsgiving be as great as it may, no one, even if he pour out his blood for the Name of Christ, can be saved, unless he remain within the bosom and the unity of the Catholic Church." (Pope Eugene IV, the Bull Cantate Domino, 1441.)