[ultima ratio]

Perhaps you're right.

[Siobhan]

There was also a judgement rendered in the case of the egregious Hawaii ex-communications. I had a copy of that appeal and judgement, but it is at home and I am visiting my daughter right now. Should you have it, perhaps posting it would be helpful on this thread (in addition to Msgr. Perle's statement above). Or a link to a news story would suffice. (Just a thought.) God bless.