Posted on 09/25/2003 8:11:48 AM PDT by Alter Kaker
NEW YORK -- Edward W. Said, a Columbia University professor, literary critic and leading spokesman in the United States for the Palestinian cause, has died, his editor at Knopf publishers said Thursday. He was 67.
Said died at a New York hospital, said editor Shelly Wanger. He had suffered from leukemia at least since the early 1990s.
(Excerpt) Read more at newsday.com ...
JERUSALEM ** The silver-haired man in the smock, cap and stylish sunglasses seems a little too old, a little too portly, a little too distinguished to be hurling stones in the direction of Israeli soldiers.
But there he is, rearing back, right arm cocked, left arm flailing, striding into his toss, projectile poised for flight.
Could it be that Edward Said--celebrated intellectual, professor of English and comparative literature at Columbia University and among the West's most prominent Arab voices--has joined the ranks of Palestinian stone-throwers?
Apparently so.
A photograph taken last week by a French news agency captured Said in mid-toss, firing a rock toward an Israeli position at Lebanon's border with the Jewish state. Since Israel's withdrawal of troops from southern Lebanon in May, the border has become a magnet for Arab tourists who come to gawk, yell insults and throw stones at the Israeli soldiers across the new border fence.
Said, a Palestinian whose wife is Lebanese, was visiting the liberated border area last week on his first trip there since 1982, the year Israel launched its full-scale invasion.
There were people with cameras all over, but Said had no idea that news photographers were among them, he said in a telephone interview the other day from Italy, where he was traveling after leaving Lebanon.
"I'm totally astonished... and somewhat disconcerted by this," he said. "It was a moment of elation, and the fact that there were no Israeli troops there anymore."
Said, 64, is the author of 18 books of criticism, essays, journalism and scholarly musings, as well as a recently published memoir, "Out of Place." His writings appear regularly in Le Monde Diplomatique, the Nation, the London Review of Books and the London Arabic daily Al-Hayat.
Said said he had spent last Tuesday morning touring southern Lebanon, including the notorious El-Khiam prison, where Lebanese sympathizers of Hezbollah, the Islamic guerrilla force that forced Israel's withdrawal, were confined and tortured during the war. After that he was taken to the border village of Kfar Kila where, according to an eyewitness account in the Lebanese newspaper As-Safir, he stood a short distance away from Israeli soldiers in a two-story watchtower decked out with blue-and-white Israeli flags. With his family by his side, the newspaper said, Said heaved a rock over the border toward the soldiers. It struck a barbed-wire barrier.
In a statement released by Columbia University, Said acknowledged the incident, which he called "a symbolic gesture of joy that the occupation has ended."
In a seeming effort to justify his mood at the time, or explain it, he called attention to the brutality and inhumane conditions that prevailed at El-Khiam prison, where he said he found "discarded objects with Israeli markings on them." Before the Israeli withdrawal, the prison was run by Israel's proxy Lebanese allies, the South Lebanon Army.
At the border, Said said in the statement, he was swept up in the moment:
"There were many people there of course... all of them, young and old, elated by the absence of Israeli troops. Many threw stones to see whether in this disputed area they could reach the barbed wire. For a moment I joined in: The spirit of the place infected everyone with the same impulse....
"I had no idea that media people were there, or that I was the object of attention. One stone tossed into an empty place scarcely warrants a second thought. Much is now made of an incident that is basically trivial, as if that could ever outweigh the work I have done over 35 years on behalf of justice and peace, or that could even be compared in the same breath with the enormous ravages and suffering caused by decades of military occupation and dispossession."
Trivial or not, Said's stone throw traveled farther than the Israeli-Lebanese border fence.
The photo, snapped by a photographer from Agence France-Presse, ran last Wednesday in newspapers and Web sites throughout the Middle East. In Israel, the best-selling daily Yedioth Ahronoth devoted half a page to it. On the Web site of the Jordan Times, the photo ran above a caption that read, "SAID VS. ISRAEL."
Some Israelis pounced on Said's stone-throwing as an expression of hatred, not justice and peace. Not surprisingly, they included right-wingers who have crossed swords with Said in the past.
Among these was Justus Reid Weiner, an Israeli scholar who inspired an outbreak of tendentious rhetorical cross-fire earlier this year with an article in Commentary magazine. The 17,000-word article, adorned with 141 footnotes, suggested that Said had exaggerated the extent of his youth spent physically in Palestine.
Critics dismissed Weiner's article as the work of an ideologue bent on discrediting Said. Undeterred, Weiner seized on Said's stone toss as another opportunity to attack his target.
"He often speaks in terms of reconciliation between Arabs and Israelis," Weiner, a scholar at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, said in an interview. "How could this possibly benefit reconciliation? What if the stone he threw hit someone on the other side?"
As it turned out, Said's stone hit no one. Despite the account in the Lebanese newspaper, Said insists he saw no Israeli soldiers in the vicinity. But Weiner was insistent.
"I don't think it should be glossed over," he said. "You sometimes capture the essence of what a person stands for in a momentary gesture they may not have thought out in advance."
On the telephone, Said sounded uncomfortable when asked what meaning could be gleaned from his gesture.
"It's not hatred for Israel," he said. "It was an anti-occupation gesture. I have many Israeli friends. I've lectured in Israel and I continue to have contacts there. It's certainly very much against military occupation of any kind, whether by Israel of Arab countries, Iraq of Kuwait or whatever. I've opposed occupation of any kind."
I believe it.
He was a very dishonest man, intellectually. And to think how he was revered on college campuses by the pro-palis.
It makes me sick when I realize my child was exposed to profs who idolized this man.
Here's the poor little impoverished palestinian refugee, all dressed up in costumes for a studio portrait with one of his sisters. The caption said it was taken in Jerusalem in 1941. I wonder where it was really taken.
He doesn't exactly look like a child who has little access to food or baths; not to mention, since when do refugees sit for portraits.
Also in that memoir of his is a photo of him and a sister in their very posh school uniforms in Cairo. I read somewhere that he was obliged to revise later editions of the memoir after his untruths were revealed.
. Edward Said and the Religious Effects of Culture
by William D. Hart
Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000
199 pp.; $19.95 paper
Said's critique of religion is the subject of a recent book by William D. Hart, a self-described "pragmatic religious naturalist." Hart's quarrel is not with Said's secularism, but rather with his assumption that secularism is opposed to religion. In Hart's view, one can be both secular and religious; one can accept the truth of naturalism while continuing to value religion for pragmatic reasons. What Said should be criticizing, says Hart, is not religion, but those things that cause harmdogmatism, arbitrary power, liesin both religious and secular forms.
The interesting thing is that Said, despite his official secularism, has maintained his respect for certain religious traditions, such as that of his father-in-law Emile Cortas, former head of the Lebanese Quaker community. In Culture and Imperialism (1993), for example, Said defends the established Protestant churches of the Near East, now threatened with dissolution as their ecumenical patrons in the West pressure them, against their wishes, to rejoin the Orthodox fold. For Said, such pressure is merely a continuation of Western imperialism under the guise of anti-imperialism; one cannot correct a past injustice, he insists, by pretending that it never happened.
Another example of Said's respect for particular religious traditions is his public support for the work of liberation theologians like Naim Ateek, former Canon of St. George's Cathedral in Jerusalem, author of Justice, and Only Justice: A Palestinian Theology of Liberation (Orbis, 1990), and founder of the Sabeel Liberation Theology Center. In 1998, Said was the keynote speaker at the Third International Sabeel Conference in Bethlehem, "The Challenge of Jubilee: What Does God Require?" Confessing himself to be a "lapsed Anglican," Said added that his friend Naim represents "what so often has been left out of Christianity; namely, Christianity."
How are we to understand the apparent discrepancy between Said's intellectual secularism and his emotional attachment to the older Protestant traditions of the Near East? The truth, as we learn from his memoir, is that Said's family and personal history is inseparable from these traditions; they made him who he is, even as he rebelled against them. If Said thinks of himself as a lifelong exile, perpetually "out of place," it is not only because he is a Palestinian living in New York, but also because he was raised a Protestant in a Muslim world.
Said's family tree is a perfect illustration of the small world of Arab Protestantism. Prior to 1948, the Said family belonged to the Anglican community in Jerusalem whose center was St. George's Cathedral. Edward's mother was from Nazareth, the daughter of a Baptist minister. Her mother was the daughter of Lebanon's first native evangelical minister; her cousin married Charles Malik, the famous Lebanese Christian philosopher and statesman, who played an important role in Edward's intellectual and political development.
Edward was born and baptized in Jerusalem in 1935, but he spent his first sixteen years in Cairo, where his father managed a successful branch of the family business. In Cairo the family's religious life centered on All Saints' Cathedral, where Edward was confirmed by an Anglican bishop in 1949. It was from his English catechist, Said admits,
that I learned to love (and have still managed to hold in my memory) both the Book of Common Prayer and the spirited parts of the Gospels, John in particular . but I always felt the rift between white man and Arab as separating us in the end, maybe because he was in a position of authority and it was his language, not mine.
After his first Communion, Said recalls,
I found myself trying to feel different, but only experienced a feeling of incongruence. My hope that I might gain insight into the nature of things or a better apprehension of the Anglican God proved fanciful. The hot and cloudless Cairo sky, . the placidly flowing Nile immediately in front of us in its undisturbed immensity as we stood on the cathedral esplanade: all these were as I was, exactly the same.
Having failed to attain the spiritual insight he had hoped for, Edward entered Victoria College (where the head boy was Michel Shalhoub, later known to the world as Omar Sharif). After two rebellious years, however, he was packed off to boarding school at Mount Hermon in Northfield, Massachusetts, founded in 1881 by the evangelist D. L. Moody. It was at Mount Hermon, it seems, that what remained of Edward's inherited faith was lost for good. Recalling his experience there nearly half a century later, Said's contempt is undiminished:
There seemed to be unquestioned assent to [Moody's] incredible importance: it was my first encounter with enthusiastic mass hypnosis by a charlatan, because . not one teacher or student expressed the slightest doubt that Moody was worthy of our highest admiration . And so it was with religionthe Sunday service, the Wednesday evening chapel, the Thursday noon sermondreadful, pietistic, non-denominational (I disliked that form of vacillation in particular) full of homilies, advice, how-to-live. Ordinary observations were encoded into Moody-esque sturdy Christianity in which words like "service" and "labor" acquired magical (but finally unspecifiable) meaning, to be repeated and intoned as what gave our lives "moral purpose."
It is apparent, too, that Said felt himself the object of subtle discrimination:
While I was at Mount Hermon I was never appointed a floor officer, a table head, a member of the student council, or valedictorian . although I had the qualifications. And I never knew why. But I soon discovered that I would have to be on my guard against authority and that I needed to develop some mechanism or drive not to be discouraged by what I took to be efforts to silence or deflect me from being who I was rather than becoming who they wanted me to be. In the process I began a lifelong struggle and attempt to demystify the capriciousness and hypocrisy of a power whose authority depended absolutely on its ideological self-image as a moral agent, acting in good faith and with unimpeachable intentions.
Plainly, the hypocritical power Said hates is not merely that of Mount Hermon, but that of America itself.
As previously mentioned, Charles Malik played an important role in Edward's formation. Their families vacationed together in Lebanon, where Malik, who taught philosophy at the American University in Beirut, encouraged Edward's interest in ideas. When Edward was sent away to school in the U.S., Malik, then serving as the Lebanese ambassador in Washington, took his lonely young relative under his wing. From "Uncle Charles," Said recalls,
I learned the attractions of dogma, of the search for unquestioning truth, of irrefutable authority. From him I also learned about the clash of civilizations, the war between East and West, communism and freedom, Christianity and all the other, lesser religions . During the forties and early fifties Malik's comforting moral certainty and granitic power, his inextinguishable faith in the Eternal, gave us hope.
But Edward's attitude slowly began to change, until Malik came to represent everything he despised most in politics:
He began his public career during the late 1940s as an Arab spokesman for Palestine at the U.N., but concluded it as the anti-Palestinian architect of the Christian alliance with Israel during the Lebanese Civil War. Looking back at Malik's intellectual and political trajectory, with all that it involved for me as his youthful admirer and companion, relative, and frequenter of the same circles, I see it as the great negative intellectual lesson of my life, an example which for the last three decades I have found myself grappling with, living through, analyzing, over and over and over with regret, mystification, and bottomless disappointment.
Indeed, Said's cosmopolitan, secular, leftist ideology is the reverse image of Malik's communal Christian anti-communism.
Thus it would seem that all of Said's adolescent encounters with the representatives of institutional Christianityhis catechist at All Saints' in Cairo, the heirs of D. L. Moody at Mount Hermon, the charismatic Charles Malikleft him feeling "out of place." Yet it was this involuntary feeling of exclusion, he concludes, that enabled him to become a secular intellectual, one who deliberately chooses to be out of place in order to speak the truth to power, preferring the freedom of exile to the bondage of blood, soil, and creed. The paradox is that this, too, is a secularized religious callingthat of the lonely social prophet, crying out against the sins of racism and imperialism. In this sense, Said remains a true Protestant despite himself. May his baptism in St. George's Cathedral prove efficacious; may his long exile end in a homecoming.
Mark Walhout is professor of English at Seattle Pacific University. With Susan VanZanten Gallagher, he is the editor of Literature and the Renewal of the Public Sphere (St. Martin's).
Ovations for the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra started as soon as the first player arrived on the platform. Here was an orchestra co-founded by the Palestinian polymath Edward Said and the Argentine-Jewish conductor Daniel Barenboim, made up half-and-half of Israelis and Arabs, performing for the first time in a country that most Middle Easterners despise.Yet some are calling him an anti-Semite. Unfortunately there's a contingent on FR that sees no difference between opposition to Israeli policies and anti-semitism. We've heard from a few of them here and some have shown a rather hateful side again.
-Eric
He was also a liar.
Dude, you don't have to choose! You can have it all! He's an egotistical ghoul!
That was him. He was also fond of saying that the UN Charter allows for guerilla war against occupying forces. Of course, it doesn't. Why would it? We wrote it when we were occupying Germany and Japan. But don't let a little detail like that bother anyone.
Goodid Riddanceum, yeeha!
I would say that the person who posted on the Aug. 19 thread about the #2 bus bombing to rant that "all religion is equally evil", even before the ZAKA finished wiping up the babies' blood, showed a rather hateful side.
Geez, when will Jews (and Christians) learn that turning the other cheek only encourages those who just want to rip your face off?
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