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U.S. Offshore Outsourcing Leads to Structural Changes and Big Impact
cio.com ^ | August 13, 2003 | Diane Morello

Posted on 08/13/2003 8:20:37 PM PDT by thimios

U.S. Offshore Outsourcing Leads to Structural Changes and Big Impact Gartner

By Diane Morello Vice President & Research Director

As offshore outsourcing ramps up, the dislocation of IT jobs in the United States is becoming real. CIOs must anticipate the potential loss of talent, knowledge and performance.

Many Ramifications With an Outsourcing Decision

In the first half of 2003, the application development manager of a well-known company was frantic. Her staff was near mutiny. A day earlier, the CIO had called an "all hands" meeting and announced that he could save the company $30 million during the next few years. How did he propose to do that? By moving application development offshore to outsourcing vendors. The application developers in the room were stunned. Immediately, they crowded into the office of their manager, all asking similar questions: What does this mean for me? Is my job safe? Will I become unemployed?

That scene is occurring in company after company around the United States, from midsize to large companies, with each decision affecting between 150 and 1,000 people. The movement of IT-related work from the United States and other developed countries to vendors and offshore sites in emerging markets is an irreversible mega trend. Although the United States may feel the biggest effect from this movement, other developed economies, including Australia and the United Kingdom, feel disoriented, too.

The workforce changes that accompany the trend toward offshore delivery - whether offshore outsourcing or offshore insourcing - are structural in nature, not fleeting or temporal. The effect of IT offshore outsourcing on the United States is a harbinger of changes in other countries that pursue global sourcing models. The workforce and labor-market consequences will be substantial.

Three CIO Issues

Three overarching issues shape CIOs' obligations around offshore outsourcing:

As long as new investment in IT remains low in North America and Western Europe, IT offshore outsourcing will yield a displacement of IT professionals and IT-related jobs. CIOs who make ill-informed decisions today will be unable to find or acquire the requisite local knowledge and competencies when IT investment resumes.

Few enterprises would deliberately choose to cede intellectual assets to offshore outsourcing vendors, but some executives fail to envision today which skills, knowledge or processes will generate business innovation tomorrow. Vision, leadership and an understanding of how technology fuels competitive advantage will help CIOs and business counterparts retain core knowledge.

CIOs and other business leaders must be clear about their plans, timing and transition phases for the offshore outsourcing transition. They must develop milestones, timelines and accountability. Moreover, they must communicate honestly and respectfully to keep performance high and defuse employee anger.

Not a Pretty Picture for the IT Workforce

Since 2001, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, more than 500,000 people in IT professions in the United States have lost their jobs. Some were caught in the dot-com bust. Others were laid off by cost cuts, shrinking budgets, a poor economy and a desire to satisfy shareholders quarter by quarter. Now, a growing number of IT professionals and practitioners are having their jobs displaced as IT work moves to offshore venues.

Without a "shot of adrenaline" to the U.S. IT profession - such as an investment boom, a "white knight" industry, new IT-led innovation or new ways of competing globally - the scenario for the IT workforce in the United States and other developed nations looks bleak.

Large U.S. enterprises, vendors and service providers aggressively are investigating or pursuing offshore markets for IT delivery. Combining that interest with minimal new investment, preliminary Gartner analysis - based on the IT Association of America's count of 10.3 million IT practitioners in the United States in 2003 - indicates that another 500,000 IT jobs plausibly may disappear by year-end 2004.

By year-end 2004, one out of every 10 jobs within U.S.-based IT vendors and IT service providers will move to emerging markets, as will one out of every 20 IT jobs within user enterprises (0.8 probability).

Through 2005, fewer than 40 percent of people whose jobs are moved to emerging markets will be re-deployed by their current employers (0.8 probability).

Likely Implications of IT Offshoring

To many CIOs and business executives, the decision to outsource activities offshore is fiscally sound:

The cost, quality, value and process advantages are well proven.

Moreover, at a time when IS organizations are struggling with poor credibility and IT is being scrutinized, offshore outsourcing is becoming a tool for improving service delivery and a source of highly qualified talent in greater numbers.

Finally, the extensive use of quality methodologies among offshore vendors - such as Software Capability Maturity Model (CMM), People CMM and ISO 9000 - enables a degree of assurance that many in-house organizations lack.

Gartner urges CIOs and other business executives not to trivialize the impact of offshore outsourcing on their business strategies, their organizations or their employees. Three areas of concern arise:

Loss of future talent;

Loss of intellectual assets;

Loss of organizational performance.

Loss of Future Talent

Many IT applications and services that are being considered for movement offshore are now run and maintained by seasoned IT professionals in user companies, technology vendors and IT service providers. Offshore movement of that technical work implies a significant displacement of IT professionals who possess organizational memory around IT investments. At the same time, college students in the United States, the United Kingdom and other developed countries see technical work moving to emerging markets, and see family and friends losing technical jobs. Interest in pursuing technical careers will wane.

Why should CIOs care? Because they cannot afford to have domestic IT talent "dry up." When investment resumes and the economy rebounds, CIOs will need a cadre of seasoned IT professionals and eager recruits to "turbocharge" new ideas, new investments and new programs.

Loss of Intellectual Assets

CIOs and enterprise executives must ask: If everything can theoretically be outsourced, what kind of knowledge must we retain or develop? At Gartner's Outsourcing Summit in Los Angeles in June 2003, 39 percent of attendees at the session "Managing Workforce-Related Risk in Outsourcing" cited the loss of critical knowledge as the greatest source of workforce-related risk around outsourcing. Identifying, capturing and measuring core enterprise knowledge is daunting, especially when critical knowledge is often subordinate to technical skill sets.

For now, most enterprises send straightforward technical activities and routine business processes offshore, but the ease with which they can move those activities may numb decision-makers to the need to maintain and protect essential knowledge/

Six areas of core knowledge that are worth protecting include:

Enterprise Knowledge: How do our products, services and systems blend together?

Cultural Knowledge: How do we do things here? What are our beliefs? Who really makes decisions?

Social Network Knowledge: Which roles and which people form critical connective tissue?

Strategic Knowledge: What are our objectives and competitive advantages?

Industry and Process Knowledge: How do our industry, competitors, and customers operate?

Activity Knowledge: Do we know which people are doing what today?

Loss of Organizational Performance

Offshore outsourcing weakens the already-fragile relationships between employees and employers. Whether CIOs are considering, investigating or actively pursuing offshore outsourcing, they should prepare for a bumpy ride. Beneath the sound business reasons for outsourcing lie thornier issues associated with people.

Decisions to outsource - whether offshore or domestic - bring upheaval to IS organizational competencies, roles and makeup. More than 40 percent of attendees at the workforce-related risk presentation at Gartner's Outsourcing Summit considered their organizations to be ill-prepared for the new roles, competencies and skills that accompany an outsourcing delivery model.

Are Enterprises Prepared for Outsourcing? Not Really

The situation worsens with offshore outsourcing, because fewer than 40 percent of the people affected will be re-deployed. During the offshore transition, the degree of uncertainty is so high that it can severely disrupt organizational performance. CIOs and other business executives should hold themselves accountable for sustaining and improving organizational performance levels during the transition. To do so, they should coordinate along several lines:

Identify competencies, roles, people and knowledge that will be retained. To prevent organizational paralysis, CIOs must define the future role and shape of their IS organizations as certain day-to-day activities move overseas. Gartner research reveals that many enterprises retain such critical functions as application design, application integration, client-facing process management, enterprise architecture, information management and high-investment competency centers. In addition, they develop new competencies in service management, vendor relationship management, process management and business integration.

Create a meaningful transition plan. Provide clear timelines and milestones to help people prepare for the changes that offshore outsourcing brings (for example, Milestone A will be reached in six months, Milestone B six months later and Milestone C 12 months after that). At each milestone, certain segments of work or applications will complete their offshore transfer, and the affected people will be terminated or re-deployed. Companies that have a lasting commitment to their people will generally spend time arranging redeployment of their affected employees.

Outline employees' options. Define the options available for affected employees: re-skilling, re-deployment, termination or outplacement. The way in which enterprises deal with employees during the offshore transition will be a lasting testament to the perception of leadership and the reputation of the company as an employer. Executives must hold themselves accountable for communicating clearly, quickly and meaningfully. "I don't know" is an unacceptable answer when the organization's performance and people's livelihood are at stake.

Bottom Line

CIOs and business leaders in the United States and other developed countries should move carefully as they pursue offshore outsourcing.

Until IT investment resumes, IT offshore outsourcing will yield a displacement of IT professionals and IT-related jobs.

CIOs who make ill-informed decisions will be unable to find or develop qualified talent when they need it.

Additionally, CIOs and other business leaders must be clear about envisioning what knowledge, roles, people and skills will fuel competitive advantage in the future - otherwise, they risk losing core knowledge.

Finally, CIOs must communicate clearly, honestly and respectfully about the transition plan, and about the options available to affected employees.


TOPICS: Business/Economy; Extended News; News/Current Events
KEYWORDS: freetrade; outsourcing
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To: RinaseaofDs
1. Kill the H1-B and L-1 visa program

Very much agreed. By I would prosecute those who commited perjury or ordered others to commit perjury and I would have them impisoned for their felonies.

2. Ban the export of certain jobs in the same way we ban certain dual use technologies.

agreed

3. Erect tarriffs that level the playing field for US IT workers a bit. I'm not arguing that the dot com boom inflated IT salaries beyond what may have been reasonable, but the main reason why you can hire 8 Indians for one US IT worker is that you don't have the tax, benefit or regulatory burden with the Indians that you would with the US worker.

I would also suggest easing the regulatory burden on US industries is in order but I do agree with this point.

4. Ban the processing of certain types of personal data by other countries under existing privacy laws.

Agreed

5. Stop US indemnity of US investments in foreign countries. If HP builds something in India, and it gets firebombed, you and I pay. Why?

This is to me the highest priority and should have been implemented last year.

6. Remove the tax incentives on foreign investment and job displacement. It's one thing that Indians make less. It's another that tax incentives are provided to encourage it.

Another high priority.

7. If you want to base your call center in India, then my caller ID better come up with 'New Dehli Call Center' and not Verizon Everett.

An excellent idea.

No disagreements I would just add to your list and maybe have some different priorities. See post #118.

341 posted on 08/14/2003 9:50:18 AM PDT by harpseal (Stay well - Stay safe - Stay armed - Yorktown)
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To: Diva
And they always have their golden parachutes for when they fail.
342 posted on 08/14/2003 9:51:18 AM PDT by LibertyAndJusticeForAll
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To: belmont_mark
That's about as far as I'll go here... they'll have to pay me for anything more...

Since the people deciding to hire you have direct ties to those who make the outsourcing decisions I would not be holding my breath waiting for someone tobeat down your door to hire you. no disagreement with your post but merely a statement as to what I think the possibilities of your being hired to desaign this study are.

343 posted on 08/14/2003 9:53:27 AM PDT by harpseal (Stay well - Stay safe - Stay armed - Yorktown)
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To: Diva
Your son the Historian does understand history.
344 posted on 08/14/2003 9:54:02 AM PDT by harpseal (Stay well - Stay safe - Stay armed - Yorktown)
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To: Dane
It's called Economism. And it is in bold afront to true Rightist thought. Someday, after we get through the inevitable disasters, Economists who are still alive will rot in Rigthist jails.
345 posted on 08/14/2003 9:54:42 AM PDT by GOP_1900AD (Un-PC even to "Conservatives!" - Right makes right)
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To: Dane
Hello Dane. Hello, hello?

Have you even thought about these points?

What kindf of industry do you work in, Dane? The reason I ask is to clarify your position in the matter. Do you really understand the implications of that position?

346 posted on 08/14/2003 9:55:53 AM PDT by William Terrell (People can exist without government but government can't exist without people)
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To: Mortimer Snavely
And by extension to what you wrote, the Economists who range in terms of nominal political label from so called "liberals" such as Thomas L. Friedman, to, so called "conservatives" and "libertarians" such as some on this thread, will be found culpable for the inevitable wars of mass destruction which will come due to their blind faith in Economism. Imagine that post war world for a minute. Justice will be very rough.
347 posted on 08/14/2003 9:59:19 AM PDT by GOP_1900AD (Un-PC even to "Conservatives!" - Right makes right)
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To: RinaseaofDs
7. If you want to base your call center in India, then my caller ID better come up with 'New Dehli Call Center' and not Verizon Everett.

Damn right!

348 posted on 08/14/2003 10:03:08 AM PDT by mhking
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To: harpseal
In short I am asking questions to determine axactly what you are saying.

What I'm saying is that I know I won't get everything I need at once. That's simply not going to happen.

Therefore, I'm playing the political game. Load up a bill with tons of things that I want. Let the debate about the bill begin and all that it entails. For instance, the minimum wage law will receive howls and horror if put on the table. Well, to show that I'm not such a "bad guy," I'll remove that provision provided that the others remain.

But let the support come from the people once it is articulated how the removal of most of these things benefits everyone.

My "nuke" description simply means that I would not be one to battle these things one at a time. I think that I could send the Left scrambling by doing an attack on a lot of things at once. One at a time won't work.


I got a lotta livin' to do before I die, and I ain't got time to waste.

349 posted on 08/14/2003 10:06:07 AM PDT by rdb3 (I'm not a complete idiot. Several parts are missing.)
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To: Hat-Trick
Regarding posters that have names similar to "Those Crazy Liberals" and put out tag lines to the same effect, the most crooked car dealer in town will invariably call his lot "Honest John's Used Cars".

350 posted on 08/14/2003 10:08:15 AM PDT by William Terrell (People can exist without government but government can't exist without people)
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To: harpseal
Love it! Thanks!
351 posted on 08/14/2003 10:13:17 AM PDT by GOP_1900AD (Un-PC even to "Conservatives!" - Right makes right)
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To: Diva
The multinational is run by bureaucrats. That is why I am constantly amazed at the libertarians on threads like this who envision John Galt or Dagny Taggart heroically leading the charge for outsourcing.

Bureaucrats rise by gaining power while avoiding blame for failure. They know how to spread culpability around so a major decision has so many fathers no one in particular can be blamed when something goes wrong.

But it looks good in the short term. The bean counter who can say he saved so much last quarter will get a bonus and promotion.
352 posted on 08/14/2003 10:14:12 AM PDT by Tokhtamish
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To: rdb3
In that case I invite you to come up with a comprehensive list that may be added to my twelve point proposal especially under teh heading remove governmental regulation. i will probably agree with miost and be more than happy to include them under existing points or if you come up with additional points I will be happy to include those provided I am convinced they are conservative and help the business climate.

I had a hard time getting to your point which I have no problem with once it is plainly spelled out.
353 posted on 08/14/2003 10:16:42 AM PDT by harpseal (Stay well - Stay safe - Stay armed - Yorktown)
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To: B.Bumbleberry; Willie Green; Paul Ross; A. Pole
You are wrong. I am economically self sufficient and do not have a dog in the hunt in terms of employment. My strong concern is 100% driven by geopolitical strategy.
354 posted on 08/14/2003 10:16:56 AM PDT by GOP_1900AD (Un-PC even to "Conservatives!" - Right makes right)
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To: Diva
My son the historian says, "It doesn't matter since history almost 100% of the time has shown that industry 'big wigs' don't truely understand the significance of success v. failure.

That fits in nicely with Henry Ford saying "history is bunk" and also paying his workers a wage so that they can afford the cars he's pumping out.
355 posted on 08/14/2003 10:18:46 AM PDT by lelio
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To: Keyes2000mt; Willie Green; Orion78; Jeff Head
My own goal is to start a business with the following mission statement: We work very hard, using American resources and talent, to prepare for, to fight, and to win the next, inevitable war between great powers.
356 posted on 08/14/2003 10:20:27 AM PDT by GOP_1900AD (Un-PC even to "Conservatives!" - Right makes right)
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To: belmont_mark
I do find it interesting that I make most of my money from fixing outsourcing mistakes i.e. restoring and fixing mission critical systems on a timely basis for exorbitant fees. If anyone should be arguing for outsourcing it should be I based on my narrow economic interest. Yet the so called "Free Trade" crowd will always accuse anyone who points out the problems in the current trade environment as being an unemployed whiner or having their economic interest at stake. I will be able to keep busy and charge exorbitant fees without overseas outsourcing but it will mean adapting to change and pushing the edge in IT.
357 posted on 08/14/2003 10:23:20 AM PDT by harpseal (Stay well - Stay safe - Stay armed - Yorktown)
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To: belmont_mark
My own goal is to start a business with the following mission statement: We work very hard, using American resources and talent, to prepare for, to fight, and to win the next, inevitable war between great powers.

My mission statement: "We pollute just to piss you off."

Can't you just see the commercials? A cute baby duck swimming along, suddenly a bucket of sludge falls on it. An announcer intones: "Lazamataz Industries: We pollute just to piss you off."

358 posted on 08/14/2003 10:23:34 AM PDT by Lazamataz (PROUDLY POSTING WITHOUT READING THE ARTICLE SINCE 1999!)
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To: harpseal
I do find it interesting that I make most of my money from fixing outsourcing mistakes i.e. restoring and fixing mission critical systems on a timely basis for exorbitant fees.

You need help? Seriously.

You gotta be willing to let me freep tho. :o)

359 posted on 08/14/2003 10:24:31 AM PDT by Lazamataz (PROUDLY POSTING WITHOUT READING THE ARTICLE SINCE 1999!)
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To: Last Visible Dog
I would say the boom was created by the internet because it was seen as new market channel (automation driven). The "irrational exuberance" that followed was the affect not the cause of the boom. Remember dot-com implies an internet address.
360 posted on 08/14/2003 10:24:38 AM PDT by RockyMtnMan
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