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Iraqi Trailers Said to Make Hydrogen, Not Biological Arms
The New York Times ^ | August 9, 2003 | DOUGLAS JEHL

Posted on 08/09/2003 5:36:27 AM PDT by Palm_OScar

WASHINGTON, Aug. 8 — Engineering experts from the Defense Intelligence Agency have come to believe that the most likely use for two mysterious trailers found in Iraq was to produce hydrogen for weather balloons rather than to make biological weapons, government officials say.

The classified findings by a majority of the engineering experts differ from the view put forward in a white paper made public on May 28 by the C.I.A. and the Defense Intelligence Agency, which said that the trailers were for making biological weapons.

That report had dismissed as a "cover story" claims by senior Iraqi scientists that the trailers were used to make hydrogen for the weather balloons that were then used in artillery practice.

A Defense Department official said the alternative views expressed by members of the engineering team, not yet spelled out in a formal report, had prompted the Defense Intelligence Agency to "pursue additional information" to determine whether those Iraqi claims were indeed accurate.

Officials at the C.I.A. and the Defense Department said today that the two intelligence agencies still stood by the May 28 finding, which President Bush has cited as evidence that Iraq had a biological weapons program. The engineering teams' findings, which officials from the Defense Department and other agencies would discuss only on the condition of anonymity, add a new layer to disputes within the intelligence community about the trailers found by allied forces in Iraq in April and May.

The State Department's intelligence branch, which was not invited to take part in the initial review, disputed the findings in a memorandum on June 2. The fact that American and British intelligence analysts with direct access to the evidence were disputing the claims included in the C.I.A. white paper was first reported in June, along with the analysts' concern that the evaluation of the mobile units had been marred by a rush to judgment.

But it had not previously been known that a majority of the Defense Intelligence Agency's engineering team had come to disagree with the central finding of the white paper: that the trailers were used for making biological weapons.

"The team has decided that in their minds, there could be another use, for inefficient hydrogen production, most likely for balloons," a Defense Department official said.

The Defense Intelligence Agency's engineering teams had not concluded their work in Iraq at the time the white paper was drafted, and so their views were not taken into account at that time, the government officials said. They said the engineering teams had discussed their findings in meetings in Washington in June and again last month.

"We stand by the white paper," the Defense Department official said. "But based on the assessment of the engineering team, it has caused us to pursue additional information about possible alternative uses for the trailers."

A C.I.A. official who spoke on the condition of anonymity said the agency was "continuing to gather more information about the labs, but we stand behind the white paper."

Since the white paper was made public in May, new information suggesting that the trailers might have been used for making hydrogen has come from Iraqi officials interrogated by American military officers in Iraq, a military officer said today. Those Iraqi officials have repeated the claims of Iraqi scientists that the trailers were used to fill weather balloons, said the officer, who spoke on the condition of anonymity.

Another government official from a different agency said the issue of the trailers had prompted deep divisions within the Defense Intelligence Agency. The official said members of the engineering team had been angry that the agency issued the joint white paper with the C.I.A. before their own work was completed.

The official said the question of how that had happened was being examined by the defense agency's inspector general as part of a broader inquiry that began in June.

A spokesman for the intelligence agency, Don Black, said he could not comment on the work of the inspector general.

The Bush administration has said the two trailers are evidence that Saddam Hussein was hiding a program for biological warfare. In the white paper made public in May, it detailed its case even while conceding discrepancies in the evidence and a lack of hard proof.

Senior administration officials have acknowledged that the United States has found neither biological agents nor undisputed evidence that the trailers were used to make such arms. They have said that intelligence analysts in Washington and Baghdad reached their conclusion about the trailers after analyzing, and rejecting, alternative theories of how they could have been used.

That view, described as a consensus of opinion with the C.I.A. and the Defense Intelligence Agency, was presented to the White House before it was made public.

At that time, a senior official who examined the evidence in detail and concluded that the trailers were used for biological weapons said, "The experts who have crawled over this again and again can come up with no other plausible legitimate use."

That official said the agencies had rejected the theory put forward by Iraqi scientists who said one of the units was used to produce hydrogen.

Today, a Defense Department official said of Iraq, "There is not doubt in our minds that they had mobile biological weapons trailers." But the official said there was disagreement within the Defense Intelligence Agency about whether those found so far were used to produce biological weapons or hydrogen.

The engineering team that has come to believe the trailers were used to produce hydrogen includes experts whose task was to assess the trailers from a purely technical standpoint, as opposed to one based on other sources of intelligence. Skeptical experts had previously cited a lack of equipment in the trailers for steam sterilization, normally a prerequisite for any kind of biological production.

Bush administration officials have said the most compelling information that the trailers were used for making biological weapons has come from a human source, an Iraqi scientist who described the trailers and what he said was their weapon-making role to American experts months before the trailers were discovered.

The six-page report that was made public in May, "Iraqi Mobile Biological Warfare Agent Production Plants," called discovery of the trailers "the strongest evidence to date that Iraq was hiding a biological warfare program."

Senior administration officials have said repeatedly that the White House has not put pressure on the intelligence community in any way on the content of its white paper, or on the timing of its release.


TOPICS: Extended News; Foreign Affairs; Front Page News; Government; News/Current Events
KEYWORDS: cia; dia; hydrogen; iraq; mediabias; mediaspin; mobilelabs; trailers; weatherballoons; wmd
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To: FreedomPoster
Weather balloons are used at airports every day and are also used for artillery.
You can generate hydrogen using a simple water splitter. I've seen surplus hydrogen generators for sale. They are man portable. Hydrogen is cheap and has more lift than helium.
21 posted on 08/09/2003 6:54:19 AM PDT by Barry Goldwater (Give often and generously to the Bush campaign)
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To: Palm_OScar
Imagine how bad "Iraqi Weather Channel" music must be?
22 posted on 08/09/2003 6:57:28 AM PDT by P.O.E.
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To: Barry Goldwater
Yes, I agree - no way this whole trailer of gear was for producing hydrogen.

Again, this "the trailers were hydrogen generators" story has been around for a while, and to me, the real question is, Why is this being trumpeted again, at this time?
23 posted on 08/09/2003 7:00:03 AM PDT by FreedomPoster (this space intentionally blank)
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To: George W. Bush
This is Dim propaganda piece, thinly disguised.


Well, one way to help add some light would be to take the purchase orders the British firm has that sold Iraq the trailers in 87 and see if they have been modified from factory specs.

I find it strange that we knew these were sold by the Brits, but it took an independent source to break that story months after the first claims.

Why didn't you tell us the were British supplied from the start George?
24 posted on 08/09/2003 7:04:42 AM PDT by steve50 (the main problem with voting is a politican always wins)
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To: Barry Goldwater
If these are the same two trailers that were scrubbed clean to hide whatever had been going on there, why would they want to hide evidence of hydrogen making?

Of course! (slapping forehead) They cannot let the American infidels know that they are filling balloons! DOH!
25 posted on 08/09/2003 7:05:58 AM PDT by Marie Antoinette ('s husband using her name to post under)
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To: Marie Antoinette
I have a newspaper: Geneva Gazette 1815 writing that the body of Marie was being reinterred.

"The remains of the unfortunate Princess were found in much better preservation than expected; the head might be known again, the hair was still perfect".

26 posted on 08/09/2003 7:14:37 AM PDT by Sacajaweau (God Bless Our Troops!!)
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To: cpdiii; blanknoone; George W. Bush
Let me get this correct.

The explanation is that these trailers were using bacteria to make hydrogen? I thought it was some simple chemical process for making hydrogen. (And it's so easy to compress and ship around in cylinders for weather baloons.)

They have a lab that uses micro-biologic processes is what we're left with. We get to decide if the biologic process lab was for a highly inefficient method of getting weather baloons aloft or if it was for biologic weapons.

Amazing. And the left wants us to believe weather baloons. It's insane. Have they no shame nor patriotism at all that they would lie to make their country look bad?

27 posted on 08/09/2003 7:22:19 AM PDT by xzins
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To: Palm_OScar
Well, I'm dashed. Just dashed. I was convinced they were desert ice cream trucks and now it's just weather balloons. But here's the thing, since it's so hot over there why didn't the weather balloon guys take the A/C's back home with them after ditching the trucks? Surely a few left over hydrogen molecules wouldn't hurt anyone.
28 posted on 08/09/2003 7:23:25 AM PDT by mtbopfuyn
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To: FreedomPoster
This weather balloon story has been around since at least early July, I wonder why it's coming out again now?

Because the nonstop assaults have eroded Bush's poll numbers somewhat, and the NYT got their talking points FAX from their employers.

I worked on DoE hydrogen energy programs, and have patents and publications in that field, so I do not think I am being merely reactionary to dismiss the Weather Balloon story as desperate and idiotic.

But, then, it is the NYT, and is designed for Democrat consumption.

There is always hope that some of these stupid whitewashes are deliberate disinformation, or a setup... or am I giving the Republicans too much credit again?

29 posted on 08/09/2003 7:39:57 AM PDT by Gorzaloon (Contents may have settled during shipping, but this tagline contains the stated product weight.)
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To: xzins
They have a lab that uses micro-biologic processes is what we're left with. We get to decide if the biologic process lab was for a highly inefficient method of getting weather baloons aloft or if it was for biologic weapons.

Well, I think it's unlikely.

But then, that is a country that buries jets under the sand. One gets the impression that Saddam must have killed off most of the people who had any real brains.
30 posted on 08/09/2003 7:42:09 AM PDT by George W. Bush
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To: blanknoone
Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About WMDs List

Terrorist devices, chemical weapons found in Iraq

Suspicious Iraqi Drums - UPDATE

Suspected bioweapons labs found

Searching for Weapons of Mass Destruction, Larry Elder

Iraq's Weapons and the Road to War

Iraqi Scientist Links Weapons to 'Dual Use' Facilities, White House Says

IRAQ: U.S. Analysts Link Iraq Labs to Germ Arms

Illicit Arms Kept Till Eve of War, an Iraqi Scientist Is Said to Assert

Herald Sun: Soldiers find Iraqi chemical 'dump'

***Germany's leading role in arming Iraq

*Germany intercepts (30 tonnes) chemicals (may be used to make nerve gas) for N Korea

New DOD team to hunt for intel as well as weapons

***Chemical Weapons Programs

Capture of chemical expert could help U.S. weapons hunt in Iraq (Emad Husayn Abdulla al-Ani)

Belgium Finds Nerve Gas Ingredient in Letters

Banned missile programme found in Iraq

Administration to Announce 'Rollback' Strategy for WMD

Suspicious Iraqi Drums Preliminary Testing Suggests Chemical Agents; More Testing Needed

2 trailers deemed biological arms labs

***Table 2: Characteristics of Chemical Warfare Agents: Commercial Uses of Chemicals or Precursor Chemicals

***CENTAF IRAQ'S CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS PROGRAM

WARNING: Gathering WMD storm a crock. See what Clinton told nation in 1998...

THE ROAD ENDS FOR WMD ON WHEELS

Coalition forces enter possible WMD site

Initial tests suggest WMD "cocktail" found in Iraq (**Of special note--post #58, by Archy)

U.S. finds new evidence of Iraqi WMD (NBC training school, antidotes)

Chem-weapons lab believed discovered

BRITS' CHILLING CHEM-NUKE FIND

CAPTURED FOES FOUND WITH CHEM-WAR GEAR

EUPHRATES 'POISONED'

MSNBC - Cyanide & Mustard Agents Found in Euphrates River

Is the Activity at Al Qaim Related to Nuclear Efforts?

U.S. probing nuclear facility (Al Tuwaitha Follow Up)

Team Inspects suspected plutonium site (update by the journalist who broke original story, NEW info)

Underground Nuclear Facility Found in Iraq

Marines hold Iraqi nuclear site built by French

U.S. Marines Guard Secret Iraqi City with Very Hot Nuclear Radiation Levels

IRAQ: WMD source 'was senior Iraqi officer'

If Bush, Powell & Rumsfeld "Lied" on WMD, So Did the UN, EU & Clinton (RUSH LIMBAUGH)

Rumsfeld Denies 'False Pretext' for Iraq War

Who screwed up?

An absence of evidence proves nothing

Powell Defends Information He Used to Justify Iraq War

Iraq Resumes WMD Activities, New York Times Reports [Carnegie - Jan. 22, 2001]

Iraq Rebuilt Weapons Factories, Officials Say

U.S. says more radioactive material than expected found at Iraqi nuclear site

Fate of Al-Tuwaitha nuclear material unclear

Iraq Failing to Disarm: Nuclear Weapons

***October 1998:Senate Democrats Signed Letter Urging Clinton To Attack Saddam Over WMDs

U.S. Discovers Weapons of Mass Destruction Lab.(see para 8; scrubbed caustics)

Weapons of Mass Destruction ( or Distorsion or Deception? You decide...)

Iraq's bioweapons program: detailed info on mobile labs from pre-war intel.

As conspiracies go, this is a doozy

Michael D. Evans: Where are WMDs? Hidden in Syria

U.S.: Banned arms evidence in Iraq

Same Crystallograph Technique Engineers Narcotic Overdose Fix, Chemico-Weapon Detoxification

Bush, Rumsfeld Confident Iraq Had Weapons of Mass Destruction

U.S. Weapons Adviser Confident Of Finding Iraqi Arms'

Iraq mission was founded on truth

Al-Qaeda chief told us Iraq supplied WMD material: US

Iraqi 'Mach 3' MiG Buried in Sand (Charles Smith)

Laughably, Iraqi Trailers Said to (Inefficiently) Make Hydrogen via BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, Not Biological Arms

31 posted on 08/09/2003 7:45:27 AM PDT by xzins
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To: steve50
Why didn't you tell us the were British supplied from the start George?

There are plenty of German, French, Russian and American dual-use technologies in Iraq.

Funny, I thought the Trailers Of Evil were built by the Germans. But I do recall quite a bit of British industrial equipment and even arms being discovered at one of the desert bases during the war. By British soldiers even yet.
32 posted on 08/09/2003 7:54:00 AM PDT by George W. Bush
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To: Palm_OScar
Naw...they were really fallafa on wheels stands ...for ball games
33 posted on 08/09/2003 8:01:08 AM PDT by joesnuffy (Moderate Islam Is For Dilettantes)
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To: steve50
"Why didn't you tell us the were British supplied from the start George?"
I think you hit the nail on the head. I suspect the WMD's have been found but will never be revealed because the list of who sold them to Iraq would be embarrasing to Bush. Maybe Blair knew all along the Brits were selling to Sadaam.
34 posted on 08/09/2003 8:27:02 AM PDT by afz400
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To: afz400
I think you hit the nail on the head. I suspect the WMD's have been found but will never be revealed because the list of who sold them to Iraq would be embarrasing to Bush. Maybe Blair knew all along the Brits were selling to Sadaam.

I think when we jumped in and redacted about 1/2 the Iraqi UN report we pretty much telegraphed that there were parts of Saddams' weapons procurement somebody didn't want exposed. Follow the money, still the most effective investigatory tool. Let's see who sold this stuff and who the owners/lobbists were for the deals

35 posted on 08/09/2003 8:38:02 AM PDT by steve50 (the main problem with voting is a politican always wins)
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To: Palm_OScar
This whole stupid NYT story is refuted by the Laws of thermodynamics. Hydrogen gas is produced with the consumption of a lot of electricity, usually near the site of electrical generation, stored in high pressure tanks, and transported to place of use.
36 posted on 08/09/2003 8:42:19 AM PDT by Poincare
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To: Poincare
Actually, this is a very old story, but not one getting a lot of play in the US. Although the balloons were weather balloons, they would also have supplied handy surveillance platforms for Saddam back in the days when he was fighting the unarmed hordes of Iranians.

No doubt, it will come as a huge shock to the crowds here that the US still maintains weather balloon programs. Imagine, the very idea of some other country doing the same thing. Impossible!!!!

37 posted on 08/09/2003 9:02:35 AM PDT by Oenothera
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To: xzins
bookmark for later reference
38 posted on 08/09/2003 9:02:46 AM PDT by Optimist (I think I'm beginning to see a pattern here.)
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To: gaspar
You are not quite correct about the helium.Hydrogen is used to obtain height, as the balloon expands the helium would leak out through the rubber and the optimum height of around 11 kms would not be achieved. For low level, ie blimps and dirigibles helium is fine but for serious Met work it's good ole Hydrogen. Remember, the 6 foot ballon launched at ground level becomes as big as a school bus at
about 8 kms high.

I also have to add a previous post.

The Hydrogen generators sold to Iraq with the AMETS were
mounted on a two wheel trailers and were about 12foot long and 6foot high. Manufactured by Johnson and Matthey PLC, London.They were outfitted with four harvesting/storage cylinders mounted horizontally two per side. These cylinders were half the trailer.

The Amets systems employed by the Iraqi Army suffered from the problem of utilising an x-band radar that locked onto
a mesh target suspended from the balloon.Remember to get the wind speeds and directions required, the flight has to get up to a height of at least 5kms and the distance covered by the rig could be as far as 50kms.

During the first Gulf war the result of such a long radar transmission was a beam riding anti radiation missile from a coalition aircraft.In fact the claims of allied airstikes on some anti aircraft radar positions were actually stikes on Met stations.

The most logical question these reporters have not asked yet is :- Where are the Artillery Met systems that require the hydrogen?

Let me add an e-mail that I have recieved from the Observer reporter who covered the story earlier.

As one of the reporters on the story, I thought I'd respond.

What we understand - and we have had this confirmed from very senior sources - is that the mobile labs were almost certainly used for producing hydrogen. It is believed that is highly likely that this hydrogen would have been used for artillery balloons, although there could have been other uses for it.

It is known that Iraq had a system of using such balloons because Marconi Command & Control sold them one in 1987. This was confirmed by a spokesman from AMS.

The actual trucks and equipment used to produce the hydrogen were not British, but Iraqi.

The point is that while it might be likely that the Iraqis did have some mobile BW facilities, these truck-trailers were probably not part of any such facility.

Keep in touch

Antony Barnett

It is suspected that David Kelly was the source quoted by Barnett, when he wrote this story and he is no longer around to disprove it.
39 posted on 08/09/2003 9:04:08 AM PDT by ijcr
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To: Optimist
If you have any additions to the list please let me know. It's not all-inclusive, but it's a good compilation of articles about finds, possible techniques, possible quick production programs.
40 posted on 08/09/2003 9:07:36 AM PDT by xzins
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