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Biology textbook hearings prompt science disputes [Texas]
Knight Ridder Newspapers ^ | 08 July 2003 | MATT FRAZIER

Posted on 07/09/2003 12:08:32 PM PDT by PatrickHenry

FORT WORTH, Texas - (KRT) -
The long-running debate over the origins of mankind continues Wednesday before the Texas State Board of Education, and the result could change the way science is taught here and across the nation.

Local and out-of-state lobbying groups will try to convince the board that the next generation of biology books should contain new scientific evidence that reportedly pokes holes in Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.

Many of those groups say that they are not pushing to place a divine creator back into science books, but to show that Darwin's theory is far from a perfect explanation of the origin of mankind.

"It has become a battle ground," said Eugenie Scott, executive director of theNational Center of Science Education, which is dedicated to defending the teaching of evolution in the classroom.

Almost 45 scientists, educators and special interest groups from across the state will testify at the state's first public hearing this year on the next generation of textbooks for the courses of biology, family and career studies and English as a Second Language.

Approved textbooks will be available for classrooms for the 2004-05 school year. And because Texas is the second largest textbook buyer in the nation, the outcome could affect education nationwide.

The Texas Freedom Network and a handful of educators held a conference call last week to warn that conservative Christians and special interest organizations will try to twist textbook content to further their own views.

"We are seeing the wave of the future of religious right's attack on basic scientific principles," said Samantha Smoot, executive director of the network, an anti-censorship group and opponent of the radical right.

Those named by the network disagree with the claim, including the Discovery Institute and its Science and Culture Center of Seattle.

"Instead of wasting time looking at motivations, we wish people would look at the facts," said John West, associate director of the center.

"Our goal nationally is to encourage schools and educators to include more about evolution, including controversies about various parts of Darwinian theory that exists between even evolutionary scientists," West said. "We are a secular think tank."

The institute also is perhaps the nation's leading proponent of intelligent design - the idea that life is too complex to have occurred without the help of an unknown, intelligent being.

It pushed this view through grants to teachers and scientists, including Michael J. Behe, professor of biological sciences at Lehigh University in Pennsylvania. The Institute receives millions of dollars from philanthropists and foundations dedicated to discrediting Darwin's theory.

The center sent the state board a 55-page report that graded 11 high school biology textbooks submitted for adoption. None earned a grade above a C minus. The report also includes four arguments it says show that evolutionary theory is not as solid as presented in biology textbooks.

Discovery Institute Fellow Raymond Bohlin, who also is executive director of Probe Ministries, based in Richardson, Texas, will deliver that message in person Wednesday before the State Board of Education. Bohlin has a doctorate degree in molecular cell biology from the University of Texas at Dallas.

"If we can simply allow students to see that evolution is not an established fact, that leaves freedom for students to pursue other ideas," Bohlin said. "All I can do is continue to point these things out and hopefully get a group that hears and sees relevant data and insist on some changes."

The executive director of Texas Citizens for Science, Steven Schafersman, calls the institute's information "pseudoscience nonsense." Schafersman is an evolutionary scientist who, for more than two decades, taught biology, geology, paleontology and environmental science at a number of universities, including the University of Houston and the University of Texas of the Permian Basin.

"It sounds plausible to people who are not scientifically informed," Schafersman said. "But they are fraudulently trying to deceive board members. They might succeed, but it will be over the public protests of scientists."

The last time Texas looked at biology books, in 1997, the State Board of Education considered replacing them all with new ones that did not mention evolution. The board voted down the proposal by a slim margin.

The state requires that evolution be in textbooks. But arguments against evolution have been successful over the last decade in other states. Alabama, New Mexico and Nebraska made changes that, to varying degrees, challenge the pre-eminence of evolution in the scientific curriculum.

In 1999, the Kansas Board of Education voted to wash the concepts of evolution from the state's science curricula. A new state board has since put evolution back in. Last year, the Cobb County school board in Georgia voted to include creationism in science classes.

Texas education requirements demand that textbooks include arguments for and against evolution, said Neal Frey, an analyst working with perhaps Texas' most famous textbook reviewers, Mel and Norma Gabler.

The Gablers, of Longview, have been reviewing Texas textbooks for almost four decades. They describe themselves as conservative Christians. Some of their priorities include making sure textbooks include scientific flaws in arguments for evolution.

"None of the texts truly conform to the state's requirements that the strengths and weaknesses of scientific theories be presented to students," Frey said.

The Texas textbook proclamation of 2001, which is part of the standard for the state's curriculum, Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills, requires that biology textbooks instruct students so they may "analyze, review and critique scientific explanations, including hypotheses and theories, as to their strengths and weakness using scientific evidence and information."

The state board is empowered to reject books only for factual errors or for not meeting the state's curriculum requirements. If speakers convince the state board that their evidence is scientifically sound, members may see little choice but to demand its presence in schoolbooks.

Proposed books already have been reviewed and approved by Texas Tech University. After a public hearing Wednesday and another Sept. 10, the state board is scheduled to adopt the new textbooks in November.

Satisfying the state board is only half the battle for textbook publishers. Individual school districts choose which books to use and are reimbursed by the state unless they buy texts rejected by the state board.

Districts can opt not to use books with passages they find objectionable. So when speakers at the public hearings criticize what they perceived as flaws in various books - such as failing to portray the United States or Christianity in a positive light - many publishers listen.

New books will be distributed next summer.

State Board member Terri Leo said the Discovery Institute works with esteemed scientists and that their evidence should be heard.

"You cannot teach students how to think if you don't present both sides of a scientific issue," Leo said. "Wouldn't you think that the body that has the responsibility of what's in the classroom would look at all scientific arguments?"

State board member Bob Craig said he had heard of the Intelligent Design theory.

"I'm going in with an open mind about everybody's presentation," Craig said. "I need to hear their presentation before I make any decisions or comments.

State board member Mary Helen Berlanga said she wanted to hear from local scientists.

"If we are going to discuss scientific information in the textbooks, the discussion will have to remain scientific," Berlanga said. "I'd like to hear from some of our scientists in the field on the subject."


TOPICS:
KEYWORDS: crevolist
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To: MitchellC
This is why researchers rely on peer review. Because results must be reproduceable by other researchers, this process has a tendency to iron out any personal biases that may have creeped in. It ain't perfect, but it's darn close.
3,941 posted on 07/17/2003 2:06:11 PM PDT by Junior (Killed a six pack ... just to watch it die.)
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To: exmarine
Keep making it up as you go along.
3,942 posted on 07/17/2003 2:08:07 PM PDT by Right Wing Professor
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To: Junior
med med med med med med placemaker !
3,943 posted on 07/17/2003 2:08:49 PM PDT by f.Christian (evolution vs intelligent design ... science3000 ... designeduniverse.com --- * architecture * !)
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To: Right Wing Professor
making it up as you go along placemaker !
3,944 posted on 07/17/2003 2:09:27 PM PDT by f.Christian (evolution vs intelligent design ... science3000 ... designeduniverse.com --- * architecture * !)
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To: Junior
circle peer jerk review placemaker !
3,945 posted on 07/17/2003 2:10:26 PM PDT by f.Christian (evolution vs intelligent design ... science3000 ... designeduniverse.com --- * architecture * !)
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To: Right Wing Professor
bwhaaa bwhaaaa USSC // DNC doesn't run the FR placemaker !
3,946 posted on 07/17/2003 2:13:14 PM PDT by f.Christian (evolution vs intelligent design ... science3000 ... designeduniverse.com --- * architecture * !)
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To: Right Wing Professor
evo science jihad doesn't take moscow placemaker !
3,947 posted on 07/17/2003 2:14:47 PM PDT by f.Christian (evolution vs intelligent design ... science3000 ... designeduniverse.com --- * architecture * !)
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To: Right Wing Professor
The philosophical basis for a 9 month old's actions? I believe we're created with certain knowledge - not that we can articulate it at 9 months old (or ever at all). You are admitting, though, that we inherit and therefore start out with some things - whether it be knowledge, or inclinations, desires, or whatever - that predisposes us towards approaching things in certain ways, at least initially?
3,948 posted on 07/17/2003 2:17:45 PM PDT by MitchellC
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To: exmarine; Right Wing Professor
Er, I hope y'all don't mind, but I'd like to offer a few resources for anyone who might be Lurking here wondering about science and philosophy.

First, here is a link to an online book which looks at science from prehistoric times forward: History of Science

Second, here is a link to the first individually recognized scientific effort - the Greek philospher/scientist, Thales of Miletus (624-546 B.C.) Science and Human Values


3,949 posted on 07/17/2003 2:19:11 PM PDT by Alamo-Girl
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To: f.Christian
Thanks for your post! Hugs!
3,950 posted on 07/17/2003 2:20:22 PM PDT by Alamo-Girl
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To: Alamo-Girl
JR ...

No, some of you guys are parroting the Democrat lies. I'm standing against the Democrats. If you don't want to defend America when we're at war and you want to use the enemy's propaganda against us, well, don't be surprised when you're labled an enemy sympathizer.

3,951 posted on 07/17/2003 2:24:24 PM PDT by f.Christian (evolution vs intelligent design ... science3000 ... designeduniverse.com --- * architecture * !)
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To: MitchellC
I believe we're created with certain knowledge - not that we can articulate it at 9 months old (or ever at all).

Knowledge? Knowledge? Do sperm and egg hold that knowledge? And, if not, when is that "knowledge" imbued into a new human?

3,952 posted on 07/17/2003 2:25:02 PM PDT by balrog666 (Spoiler ahead!)
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To: Aric2000
parroting the Democrat lies placemaker !
3,953 posted on 07/17/2003 2:26:00 PM PDT by f.Christian (evolution vs intelligent design ... science3000 ... designeduniverse.com --- * architecture * !)
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To: balrog666
you're labled an enemy sympathizer placemaker !
3,954 posted on 07/17/2003 2:26:56 PM PDT by f.Christian (evolution vs intelligent design ... science3000 ... designeduniverse.com --- * architecture * !)
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To: Alamo-Girl
Thank you for interjecting that - it was needed.
3,955 posted on 07/17/2003 2:27:06 PM PDT by exmarine
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To: exmarine
I notice you've avoided explaining why the universe must be rational. Or ordered. Or what that would mean. Or why it might matter. Or why anybody would care...
3,956 posted on 07/17/2003 2:28:08 PM PDT by balrog666 (Spoiler ahead!)
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To: All
The thread has been peaceful. But soon ... very soon, it will be the time of the trolls!

Your only refuge is in Virtual Ignore!!

3,957 posted on 07/17/2003 2:28:35 PM PDT by PatrickHenry (Idiots are on "virtual ignore," and you know exactly who you are.)
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To: exmarine
more (( JR )) ...

Guess so. I don't see a dimes worth of difference between what that guy is saying and what Dean is saying. Must've fallen for the Democrat propaganda hook, line and sinker.
3,958 posted on 07/17/2003 2:29:05 PM PDT by f.Christian (evolution vs intelligent design ... science3000 ... designeduniverse.com --- * architecture * !)
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To: exmarine
You're quite welcome! Hugs!!!
3,959 posted on 07/17/2003 2:29:07 PM PDT by Alamo-Girl
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To: f.Christian
med med med med med med placemaker !

Keep calling for your meds! Maybe the head nurse will show up.

3,960 posted on 07/17/2003 2:29:39 PM PDT by balrog666 (Spoiler ahead!)
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