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The Declaration of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | July 4th, 1776 | T. Jefferson

Posted on 07/02/2003 8:36:14 AM PDT by mark502inf

The Declaration of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies In CONGRESS, July 4, 1776

The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America,

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. --That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. --Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain [George III] is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.

He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.

He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.

He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.

He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.

He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.

He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.

He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.

He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.

He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance.

He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the consent of our legislatures.

He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.

He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:

For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:

For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:

For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:

For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:

For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:

For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:

For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:

For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:

For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.

He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.

He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.

He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.

In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.

Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.

We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by the Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.

The signers of the Declaration represented the new states as follows: New Hampshire: Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, Matthew Thornton Massachusetts: John Hancock, Samual Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Elbridge Gerry Rhode Island: Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery Connecticut: Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William Williams, Oliver Wolcott

New York: William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris New Jersey: Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark Pennsylvania: Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, George Ross Delaware: Caesar Rodney, George Read, Thomas McKean Maryland: Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll of Carrollton Virginia: George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, Jr., Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton North Carolina: William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John Penn South Carolina: Edward Rutledge, Thomas Heyward, Jr., Thomas Lynch, Jr., Arthur Middleton Georgia: Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton


TOPICS: Constitution/Conservatism; Government; News/Current Events
KEYWORDS: america; doi; government; originaldocuments
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It's that time of year. A good review of where we came from and the principles for which we stand.
1 posted on 07/02/2003 8:36:14 AM PDT by mark502inf
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To: mark502inf
"That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government,"

It's about that time.

2 posted on 07/02/2003 8:39:03 AM PDT by Bikers4Bush
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To: mark502inf
My favorite part among the lists of injuries inflicted by the King is that he "sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people and eat out their substance."

People just don't describe the IRS that way anymore!

3 posted on 07/02/2003 8:42:01 AM PDT by mark502inf
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To: Bikers4Bush
It's about that time.

Extremist....

4 posted on 07/02/2003 8:44:24 AM PDT by smith288 (We are but a moon, reflecting the light of the Son.)
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To: Bikers4Bush
Representative republican government should be abolished? And replaced with what?
5 posted on 07/02/2003 8:46:34 AM PDT by Huck
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To: Bikers4Bush
"He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation: "

NAFTA - GATT - International Criminal Court
6 posted on 07/02/2003 8:47:32 AM PDT by RRWCC (Even under a good king, a subject is still a subject.)
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To: Bikers4Bush
"He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power. "

Need I say more...
7 posted on 07/02/2003 8:48:28 AM PDT by RRWCC (Even under a good king, a subject is still a subject.)
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To: mark502inf
A quote from Ronald Reagan about the Declaration of Independence:

Our Declaration of Independence has been copied by emerging nations around the globe, its themes adopted in places many of us have never heard of. Here is this land, for the first time, it was decided that man is born with certain God-given rights. We the people declared that government is created by the people for their own convenience. Government has no power except those voluntarily granted it by the people. There have been revolutions before and since ours, revolutions that simply exchanged one set of rulers for another. Ours was a philosophical revolution that changed the very concept of government.

Ronald Reagan, address at Yorktown, October 19, 1981

8 posted on 07/02/2003 8:49:42 AM PDT by eyespysomething (Breaking down the stereotypes of soccer moms everyday!)
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To: mark502inf
A quote from Ronald Reagan about the Declaration of Independence:

Our Declaration of Independence has been copied by emerging nations around the globe, its themes adopted in places many of us have never heard of. Here is this land, for the first time, it was decided that man is born with certain God-given rights. We the people declared that government is created by the people for their own convenience. Government has no power except those voluntarily granted it by the people. There have been revolutions before and since ours, revolutions that simply exchanged one set of rulers for another. Ours was a philosophical revolution that changed the very concept of government.

Ronald Reagan, address at Yorktown, October 19, 1981

9 posted on 07/02/2003 8:49:42 AM PDT by eyespysomething (Breaking down the stereotypes of soccer moms everyday!)
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To: Bikers4Bush
"For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:

For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences: "

Cuba... The last round of Presidential Decrees...
10 posted on 07/02/2003 8:50:08 AM PDT by RRWCC (Even under a good king, a subject is still a subject.)
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To: eyespysomething
dang it!! double posted!
11 posted on 07/02/2003 8:50:20 AM PDT by eyespysomething (Breaking down the stereotypes of soccer moms everyday!)
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To: Huck
What we have now is neither truly representative of the people OR republican in nature.

It's a tax and spend self perpetuating liberal behemoth that has corrupted the constitution.

It needs to be torn apart and replaced with what was originally established and intended.
12 posted on 07/02/2003 8:50:34 AM PDT by Bikers4Bush
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To: Bikers4Bush
"He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us. "

Waco ..
13 posted on 07/02/2003 8:50:56 AM PDT by RRWCC (Even under a good king, a subject is still a subject.)
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To: Bikers4Bush
"He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands. "

Not quite to bear arms but many citizen tattle tail committies have been extablished
14 posted on 07/02/2003 8:52:23 AM PDT by RRWCC (Even under a good king, a subject is still a subject.)
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To: RRWCC
Keep em' coming, you're dead on.
15 posted on 07/02/2003 8:52:31 AM PDT by Bikers4Bush
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To: Huck
Representative republican government should be abolished? And replaced with what?

"Representative republican government" is what we need, not what we have. Forget labels, look at the way our govt actually operates. Any government that for all intents and purposes recognizes no real limits on its power -- that's not a republican form of government.

16 posted on 07/02/2003 8:53:27 AM PDT by Constitutionalist Conservative (http://c-pol.com)
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To: Bikers4Bush
"Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable..."

I think we are still here. We can change it but we will have to MAKE OUR CONGRESSMEN DO THEIR JOB.
17 posted on 07/02/2003 8:54:29 AM PDT by RRWCC (Even under a good king, a subject is still a subject.)
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To: Bikers4Bush
John Hart is my great-grandfather a few generations back, it breaks my heart to see what is happening to our great nation. We must stand up for our freedom.
18 posted on 07/02/2003 8:54:54 AM PDT by sam I am
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To: mark502inf
For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent

I don't think I ever consented to any taxes...

19 posted on 07/02/2003 8:57:37 AM PDT by eyespysomething (Breaking down the stereotypes of soccer moms everyday!)
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To: eyespysomething
There have been revolutions before and since ours, revolutions that simply exchanged one set of rulers for another. Ours was a philosophical revolution that changed the very concept of government.

Ronald Reagan, address at Yorktown, October 19, 1981

Very nice, thanks.

20 posted on 07/02/2003 9:00:17 AM PDT by mark502inf
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