A few years back - in the 80s, there were no veterinarians in Beijing. Shortly after, there was an article in "China Today" about the popularity and need for them.
I'll never forget one little vignette I witnessed in the boonies of China. There was a farmer tending his farm and there was a mongrel dog with him. The farmer stopped for a moment and looked at his dog, as the dog looked up to him. They held their gaze on each other for a few moments, then the farmer went back to work. I didn't expect to see this sort of thing --- the same thing that I have done to my own pets. Other people with me noticed the same thing and commented on it.