Despite what seems to me to be the obvious point of the NT with regard to this. Israel was God's Chosen People. They lost that position (as a people) due to their rejection of the Messiah. Not quite........
They have been rejecting GOD from WAY before that!
NIV Exodus 32:8
They have been quick to turn away from what I commanded them and have made themselves an idol cast in the shape of a calf. They have bowed down to it and sacrificed to it and have said, `These are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up out of Egypt.'
NIV Deuteronomy 31:19-20
19. "Now write down for yourselves this song and teach it to the Israelites and have them sing it, so that it may be a witness for me against them.
20. When I have brought them into the land flowing with milk and honey, the land I promised on oath to their forefathers, and when they eat their fill and thrive, they will turn to other gods and worship them, rejecting me and breaking my covenant.
NIV Deuteronomy 32:15
Jeshurun grew fat and kicked; filled with food, he became heavy and sleek. He abandoned the God who made him and rejected the Rock his Savior.
NIV 1 Samuel 8:6-7
6. But when they said, "Give us a king to lead us," this displeased Samuel; so he prayed to the LORD.
7. And the LORD told him: "Listen to all that the people are saying to you; it is not you they have rejected, but they have rejected me as their king.
NIV 1 Samuel 10:19
But you have now rejected your God, who saves you out of all your calamities and distresses. And you have said, `No, set a king over us.' So now present yourselves before the LORD by your tribes and clans."
NIV 1 Samuel 12:22
For the sake of his great name the LORD will not reject his people, because the LORD was pleased to make you his own.
NIV 1 Kings 19:10
He replied, "I have been very zealous for the LORD God Almighty. The Israelites have rejected your covenant, broken down your altars, and put your prophets to death with the sword. I am the only one left, and now they are trying to kill me too."
NIV Psalms 118:22-23
22. The stone the builders rejected has become the capstone;
23. the LORD has done this, and it is marvelous in our eyes.
NIV Proverbs 1:20-31
20. Wisdom calls aloud in the street, she raises her voice in the public squares;
21. at the head of the noisy streets she cries out, in the gateways of the city she makes her speech:
22. "How long will you simple ones love your simple ways? How long will mockers delight in mockery and fools hate knowledge?
23. If you had responded to my rebuke, I would have poured out my heart to you and made my thoughts known to you.
24. But since you rejected me when I called and no one gave heed when I stretched out my hand,
25. since you ignored all my advice and would not accept my rebuke,
26. I in turn will laugh at your disaster; I will mock when calamity overtakes you--
27. when calamity overtakes you like a storm, when disaster sweeps over you like a whirlwind, when distress and trouble overwhelm you.
28. "Then they will call to me but I will not answer; they will look for me but will not find me.
29. Since they hated knowledge and did not choose to fear the LORD,
30. since they would not accept my advice and spurned my rebuke,
31. they will eat the fruit of their ways and be filled with the fruit of their schemes.
NIV Isaiah 5:24
Therefore, as tongues of fire lick up straw and as dry grass sinks down in the flames, so their roots will decay and their flowers blow away like dust; for they have rejected the law of the LORD Almighty and spurned the word of the Holy One of Israel.
NIV Jeremiah 6:19
Hear, O earth: I am bringing disaster on this people, the fruit of their schemes, because they have not listened to my words and have rejected my law.
NIV Jeremiah 8:9
The wise will be put to shame; they will be dismayed and trapped. Since they have rejected the word of the LORD, what kind of wisdom do they have?
NIV Hosea 8:3
But Israel has rejected what is good; an enemy will pursue him.
NIV Luke 7:29-30
29. (All the people, even the tax collectors, when they heard Jesus' words, acknowledged that God's way was right, because they had been baptized by John.
30. But the Pharisees and experts in the law rejected God's purpose for themselves, because they had not been baptized by John.)
According to Matthew, as quoted in post 92, the Jews rejected and killed his messengers for centuries without losing their status as his Chosen People.
When they rejected and killed his Son, that was the Last Straw, not surprisingly. End of status, as a people.