[dtel]

We do it a bit different.
We run 'em through a squeeze chute and have the vet do them.
She cuts the sac and removes the testes individually.
There is no anesthesia used in the process.
What surprised me is the calf doesn't even bawl.
I damn sure would.
For the record, we don't use any hormones or steroids in our animals.

[visualops]

The research I did indicates that the animals(calves) essentially don't feel pain during castration or neutering up to about 9 months. There may be some mild discomfort or soreness after the procedure, which increases with age. After 9 mos, anesthesia may be required. I don't know what the law is in the US.