[visualops]

The research I did indicates that the animals(calves) essentially don't feel pain during castration or neutering up to about 9 months. There may be some mild discomfort or soreness after the procedure, which increases with age. After 9 mos, anesthesia may be required. I don't know what the law is in the US.

[dtel]

From what I understand, there are very few anesthetics that work on cows.

I have pinged our resident vet for clarification.