However, a truly progressive income tax - wherein the higher your IQ the lower your tax rate - coupled with the concept of 'rescinding the right to vote of the recipient class' is the ONLY plan under which human civilization can now be saved, in my humble opinion.
The World of Null A - by AE Van Vogt
The giant artificially intelligent super computer that administers the intelligence tests is subverted by an evil tyranical politician (who thereby becomes President of the World) in league with the invaders from another Galaxy (who provide the technology to hack the super computer).
The Difference Engine - by William Gibson and Bruce Sterling
Babbage's steam-powered mechanical computer (difference engine) actually works, ushering in the computer age 100 years earlier. Britain becomes a 'Meritocracy' - being governed by those who are the most intelligent and/or have made significant contributions to science or production. The marxist, ignorant, lower-class rabble (the 'Ludds') overthrow the society, however.
Two fairly good books.
This concludes XLurks daily literary digression.
Well, I think the best way towards your style of 'progressive' tax system is to abolish the income tax and switch over to exclusively lottery-based government financing.
And of course letting tax-eaters vote is the ultimate in conflict of interest.