For proper interpretation, one must separate the clauses found between the semicolons. The terms "Born" or "Naturalized" refers to citizenship. This Amendment prohibits the states from making laws which infringe on the rights of citizens. It ALSO prohibits the states from denying due process or equal protection to any PERSON notwithstanding their citizenship status.
If due process and equal protection were to apply only to citizens, the Amendment would read, in part: "nor shall any State deprive any citizen of the United States of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any citizen of the United States within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."
So frankly, Sam, one CAN argue with this logic because it is incorrect.
It's a circular argument. It goes right back to the original question asked at the top of this thread; "Is this a person?"
Define the word and then you can apply the 14th Amendment accordingly.