Maybe. My impression was that the movements were primarily nationalist groups trying to get out from under the thumb of the empires, primarily Prussian and Austro-Hungarian; the Marxists saw the crisis as a terrible thing to waste, and attempted to glom on to the various revolutions, sometimes with success and sometimes not. The Franco-Prussian War 20 years later let enough steam out of the pressure cooker, but it eventually burst open with WWI, and that is when nationalism gets subsumed by socialism, first in Russia, then in Germany, then pretty much everywhere else in Europe.
The saying “We did not see the red flag” comes from this era. Which means, mixed in with the Republican protestors of 1848 were a bunch of worthless commies waving red flags. They behave this way today; sneaking in the back door.
“My impression was that the movements were primarily nationalist groups trying to get out from under the thumb of the empires, primarily Prussian and Austro-Hungarian”
Good point! That was definitely the case in Italy.