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Too Small to Survive? Steep challenges lie ahead for small- and medium-size banks.
City Journal ^ | 03/31/2023 | Allison Schrager

Posted on 03/31/2023 10:15:29 PM PDT by SeekAndFind

Small banks were not supposed to cause this much trouble. In 2008, it was the big banks that went down and nearly took the economy with them. The problem appeared to be too much market concentration, which was said to be the chief problem with the American economy. Now, following the implosion of Silicon Valley Bank and then the failures of First Republic and Signature, no one knows what’s next. It turns out that the world is more complicated.

Like the rest of the economy, large banks are dominating their industry. That’s because often, they are the only ones that can compete. The United States had 9,904 commercial banks in 2000; by 2022, it had only 4,706. Just 13 banks have more than $250 billion in assets, yet their holdings represent 55 percent of all the assets in the banking system. In 2000, only three banks were this large, accounting for just 13 percent of banking assets.

But small- and medium-size banks are a critical part of the banking ecosystem. Despite their shrinking prominence, smaller banks make up a disproportionate share of retail and commercial lending. According to data from Goldman Sachs, banks with fewer than $250 billion in assets account for half of all commercial and industrial lending, 60 percent of residential lending, 80 percent of commercial real-estate lending, and 45 percent of consumer loans.

Without small banks, what will the future of credit be for more modest borrowers? Odds are that more small- and medium-size banks will disappear. It’s not clear whether deposits beyond $250,000—the standard limit for Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation protection—are guaranteed. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen recently suggested that deposits above $250,000 are insured only at systematically important, or big, banks. The confusion over what is insured may explain why depositors are taking their money to bigger banks. During the week of March 15, deposits at small banks shrank by $66 billion, while deposits at large banks grew by $120 billion.

But even if all deposits were guaranteed, small- and medium-size banks would face challenges. Banks make their money by taking in deposits, paying interest on them, and either lending that money out or investing it in longer-term and riskier assets that generate a higher return. As interest rates increase, banks should theoretically benefit from the higher returns on their assets because those rates reset when the market rates increase. But some banks hold assets with yields that don’t increase, and in fact fall, when market rates rise. And in a rising interest-rate environment, banks face pressure to pay higher interest on deposits; otherwise, depositors will take their money to better-paid money-market funds. The consequence is lower profit margins—a big problem for smaller banks.

Longer-term, the outlook is worse. Even if the current crisis passes without more bank failures, smaller banks will find themselves subject to much stricter regulation. Regulation has become very costly for all banks, but it is especially burdensome for small banks with fewer resources to devote to compliance. That’s one reason for the now-reviled regulatory change in 2018 that relieved smaller banks from the burdens of Dodd–Frank. Small- and medium-size banks likely will face more regulation, which will make them less profitable and spell more consolidation in the future.

In this climate, that might seem to make the world safer. After all, larger banks currently appear more stable and have more resources to comply with regulators. But just a few years ago, market concentration seemed to be the biggest risk. Fewer small banks would also mean less bank lending and tighter credit; retail borrowers going elsewhere for credit while facing higher borrowing costs; and less transparency. If changing market forces in a high-tech world favor larger banks, our economy may be more efficient. But if regulation and Fed policy ultimately drives small- and medium-size banks out of business, we will lose something valuable and important.


TOPICS: Business/Economy; Culture/Society; News/Current Events
KEYWORDS: bankingcollapse; banks
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1 posted on 03/31/2023 10:15:29 PM PDT by SeekAndFind
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To: SeekAndFind

Within 3 years, I think it’s possible that one could be living in a community of 5,000 residents and have NO bank in the town....just an ATM or two.


2 posted on 03/31/2023 10:31:48 PM PDT by pepsionice
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To: SeekAndFind

I wonder how “Fred’s Bank” will do.

“Hi, I’m Fred....I have a bank, you got $1500? I’ll put it right here, in uhh my white suit.....white suit, front pocket.”


3 posted on 03/31/2023 10:33:18 PM PDT by dfwgator (Endut! Hoch Hech!)
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To: pepsionice

Not even an ATM. Australia is rolling out their digital dollar. They will probably eliminate their paper dollar in short order.

Everything is going to be done through your phone.


4 posted on 03/31/2023 11:53:16 PM PDT by Jonty30 (It is not how many that go into Mexico that counts. It is how many that return from Mexico.)
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>> Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen recently suggested that deposits above $250,000 are insured only at systematically important, or big, banks.

yep, that’s what the insufferable troll said. But good thing she went to Ukraine to express her greater love for foreign nations.


5 posted on 04/01/2023 12:04:49 AM PDT by Gene Eric (Don't be a statist!)
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To: SeekAndFind

If small banks stick to the basics of the business. they will do fine. The big outfits are gagging on operating costs and their solution is to close branches and shed personnel. As such, personalized service is going away, and products are formulaic. Small business still wants human contact and the ability to have loan product customized to their needs.


6 posted on 04/01/2023 2:41:42 AM PDT by Jimmy Valentine (DemocRATS - when they speak, they lie; when they are silent, they are stealing the American Dreams)
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To: dfwgator

Only if he’s “woke.”


7 posted on 04/01/2023 4:17:51 AM PDT by Larry Lucido (Donate! Don't just post clickbait!)
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To: SeekAndFind

There are pretty big economies of scale in banking, particularly in areas like regulatory compliance, IT, HR, real estate management, etc.

And small and medium banks make a lot of loans on the basis of “personal relationships” between bank executives and borrowers. Loans made on the golf course are not necessarily the best credits.


8 posted on 04/01/2023 4:36:37 AM PDT by FarCenter
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To: SeekAndFind

I still like my credit union. Member owned. Everything I need.


9 posted on 04/01/2023 4:38:18 AM PDT by BozoTexino (RIP GOP)
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To: pepsionice

When the bank moves out the precious metals trader can move in. I would be their first customer (or maybe the first owner).


10 posted on 04/01/2023 4:53:53 AM PDT by The Duke
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To: SeekAndFind
But if regulation and Fed policy ultimately drives small- and medium-size banks out of business,

New regulations have bee released in relation to CRA that appear to be designed to destroy small banks. I know of one bank well outside of a decaying urban center on the northeast with ONE branch barely in that city. The regulators want to force that 200 year old bank to include the ENTIRE city in its assessment area. That is catastrophic.
11 posted on 04/01/2023 5:05:02 AM PDT by Dr. Sivana ("If you can’t say something nice . . . say the Rosary." [Red Badger])
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To: BozoTexino
I still like my credit union. Member owned. Everything I need.

New rega are hitting credit unions hard.
12 posted on 04/01/2023 5:06:27 AM PDT by Dr. Sivana ("If you can’t say something nice . . . say the Rosary." [Red Badger])
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To: Jimmy Valentine

It is too late for small banks that hold significant commercial debt. It gets them a fixed low interest rate with super high risk.

The empty shopping malls and office buildings are going to do them in—just a matter of time now.


13 posted on 04/01/2023 5:10:30 AM PDT by cgbg (Claiming that laws and regs that limit “hate speech” stop freedom of speech is “hate speech”.)
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To: Dr. Sivana

So close the problem branch?


14 posted on 04/01/2023 5:15:31 AM PDT by FarCenter
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To: Dr. Sivana

What regs are those? I ask out of genuine interest.


15 posted on 04/01/2023 5:22:47 AM PDT by 9YearLurker
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To: pepsionice

Not to worry........ Walmart has opened a money center. You can go to Walmart and get cash or a plastic card


16 posted on 04/01/2023 5:26:55 AM PDT by bert ( (KWE. NP. N.C. +12) Juneteenth is inequality day )
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To: 9YearLurker
Here's some stuff.

New C-U Regs

Nothing jumps out at me here.

17 posted on 04/01/2023 5:43:27 AM PDT by skimbell
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To: bert
`Not to worry........ Walmart has opened a money center. You can go to Walmart and get cash or a plastic card

And PayPal provides debit cards, linked to bank acct. if necessary. Since Santader put a hold on my bank debit card because they require me to show up in person with validate ID, which I cannot presently do, then I use a PP debit card. Which get funds transferred from the bank, and which also receives deposits. Makes no business sense for them, but the block is likely due to regs.

18 posted on 04/01/2023 7:26:32 AM PDT by daniel1212 (Turn to the Lord Jesus as a damned+destitute sinner, trust Him who saves, be baptized + follow Him!)
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To: daniel1212

All of which proves that money is actually entries on various electronic ledgers that can be accessed with pieces of cumbersome green paper or several other sources including plastic cards, smart phones or computers.


19 posted on 04/01/2023 8:16:14 AM PDT by bert ( (KWE. NP. N.C. +12) Juneteenth is inequality day )
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To: FarCenter
So close the problem branch?

That could make things worse once the Eye of Sauron is on you ,especially if the branch does good busines. My guess is the branch exists to serve people who work in the city as s convenience.
20 posted on 04/01/2023 10:22:45 AM PDT by Dr. Sivana ("If you can’t say something nice . . . say the Rosary." [Red Badger])
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