There were no alarms on any doors when I went to school. The main doors had a kind of bar, but not all of the side doors. Those however were not for student use.
Heh...given that I went to school in the 50's and 60's, and in a school that was so rural that it had 300 students in 12 grades, I'm not sure the technology even existed...
But every door was a self-locking bar door, and it was easy to lock yourself out.