[jpsb]

For the first time since the Battle of Tours in 732 AD, the battle in which Charles Martel (literally Charles the Hammer) stopped the Muslim expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate into Europe and the Emirates of Sicily, Islam had not expanded into Europe until the fall of Constantinople in 1453 by the hands of the Ottomans. The Ottoman Caliphate continued its expansion after that for two hundred more years and would reach further into Europe than any other Muslim Empire had done previously. But in 1683 that would all come to a halt and mark the end of the Ottoman Expansion into Europe. This momentous occasion would be the Battle of Vienna.

[Verginius Rufus]

Actually the Turks began expanding into Europe in the 1350s...the battle of Kosovo was in 1389. Constantinople managed to hold out until 1453 because of its excellent defenses but a good portion of southeastern Europe was under Ottoman control by then.

As the article points out, there were cases when Jews were massacred by Crusaders, but Pope Urban II's objective when he called for the first Crusade was to free Jerusalem from the Muslim Turks, and I doubt any Catholic bishops encouraged the Crusaders to kill Jews...that was done by ignorant rank-and-file Crusaders.