Thanks rktman.
Posted on 08/04/2019 8:37:07 AM PDT by rktman
Thanks rktman.
Why did he do it in 1492?
Well, in 1491, he didn’t have the ships ready, and by 1493, he’d already done it.
That kinda cut down his options.
Some think he did know its true circumference, but was prone to exaggerate a much shorter globe to increase the chances of a monarch funding his voyage.
Very interesting.
And that prediction that the Islamic conquerors would control the world in a few years ALSO did not come true.
Humans not the greatest bettors.
Well, at least, like hildabeast, they are persistent and still workin’ on ruling the erf.
Thanks again.
Our DNA for those of us into Genealogy with UK, Western Europe and Mediterranean ancestors has been an incredible boon and asset for most of us.
DNA is failing and has failed with most of us to identify our so called Native American ancestors from south of the North pole to north of the South Pole.
On line discussions on this bad science and genetic history make discussions between American Liberals and American Conservatives look and sound mild to the flawed genealogy
There is so much bad history and bad science based on unsettled science and flawed history, we could see riots as race becomes a bigger and bigger issue.
One other link I kept if you want to scan it. Take care and
I have no more links,..lol.
I actually haven’t read it yet (It’s on my list). Work is all-consuming these days.
Finishing up a book on the French and Indian War now.
Also have a book on Northern Ireland’s The Troubles (1920s) on my list as well.
But I’ll move this one up and it will be the next one I read.
Good to see you around here. I always enjoy your posts.
‘Pod.
Not yet. I have it and several others to read.
>>So why did ‘Columbus sail the ocean blue’ in 1492?
To get to the other side.
Obviously because it rhymes.
BOL! Thanks for this latest link. Read the comments after the pin on this genetic DNA on when the First Americans settled or passed through was pulled and thrown into the discussions.
RELATED CONTENT:
DNA From 12,000-Year-Old Skeleton Helps Answer the Question: Who Were the First Americans?
The prevailing theory is that the first Americans arrived in a single wave, and all Native American populations today descend from this one group of adventurous founders. But now there’s a kink in that theory. The latest genetic analyses back up skeletal studies suggesting that some groups in the Amazon share a common ancestor with indigenous Australians and New Guineans. The find hints at the possibility that not one but two groups migrated across these continents to give rise to the first Americans.
“Our results suggest this working model that we had is not correct. There’s another early population that founded modern Native American populations,” says study coauthor David Reich, a geneticist at Harvard University.
The origin of the first Americans has been hotly debated for decades, and the questions of how many migratory groups crossed the land bridge, as well as how people dispersed after the crossing, continue to spark controversy. In 2008, a team studying DNA from 10,800-year-old poop concluded that a group of ancient humans in Oregon has ancestral ties to modern Native Americans. And in 2014, genetic analysis linked a 12,000-year-old skeleton found in an underwater cave in Mexico to modern Native Americans.
Genetic studies have since connected both these ancient and modern humans to ancestral populations in Eurasia, adding to the case that a single migratory surge produced the first human settlers in the Americas. Aleutian Islanders are a notable exception. They descend from a smaller second influx of Eurasians 6,000 years ago that bear a stronger resemblance to modern populations, and some Canadian tribes have been linked to a third wave.
Reich’s group had also previously found genetic evidence for a single founding migration. But while sifting through genomes from cultures in Central and South America, Pontus Skoglund, a researcher in Reich’s lab, noticed that the Suruí and Karitiana people of the Amazon had stronger ties to indigenous groups in Australasia—Australians, New Guineans and Andaman Islanders—than to Eurasians.
Other analyses haven’t looked at Amazonian populations in depth, and genetic samples are hard to come by. So the Harvard lab teamed up with researchers in Brazil to collect more samples from Amazonian groups to investigate the matter. Together they scrutinized the genomes of 30 Native American groups in Central and South America. Using four statistical strategies, they compared the genomes to each other and to those of 197 populations from around the world. The signal persisted. Three Amazonian groups—Suruí, Karitiana and Xavante—all had more in common with Australasians than any group in Siberia.
Native American Ancestery Map
Researchers mapped similarities in genes, mutations and random pieces of DNA of Central and South American tribes with other groups. Warmer colors indicate the strongest affinities. (Pontus Skoglund, Harvard Medical School)
The DNA that links these groups had to come from somewhere. Because the groups have about as much in common with Australians as they do with New Guineans, the researchers think that they all share a common ancestor that lived tens of thousands of years ago in Asia but that doesn’t otherwise persist today. One branch of this family tree moved north to Siberia, while the other spread south to New Guinea and Australia. The northern branch likely migrated across the land bridge in a separate surge from the Eurasian founders. The researchers have dubbed this hypothetical second group “Population y” for ypykuéra, or “ancestor” in Tupi, a language spoken by the Suruí and Karitiana.
When exactly Population y arrived in the Americans remains unclear—before, after or simultaneously with the first wave of Eurasians are all possibilities. Reich and his colleagues suspect the line is fairly old, and at some point along the way, Population y probably mixed with the lineage of Eurasian settlers. Amazonian tribes remain isolated from many other South American groups, so that’s probably why the signal remains strong in their DNA.
The results line up with studies of ancient skulls unearthed in Brazil and Colombia that bear stronger resemblance to those of Australasians than the skulls of other Native Americans. Based on the skeletal remains, some anthropologists had previously pointed to more than one founding group, but others had brushed off the similarities as a byproduct of these groups living and working in similar environments. Bones can only be measured and interpreted so many ways, while genes usually make a more concrete case.
“The problem so far was that there has never been strong genetic evidence to support this notion,” says Mark Hubbe, an anthropologist at Ohio State University who was not affiliated with the latest study.
But even genetic evidence is subject to skepticism and scrutiny. Cecil Lewis Jr., an anthropological geneticist at the University of Oklahoma, cautions that Amazonian groups are low on genetic diversity and are more susceptible to genetic drift. “This raises very serious questions about the role of chance … in creating this Australasian affinity,” he says.
Another group led by Eske Willerslev and Maanasa Raghavan at the University if Copenhagen reports in Science today that Native Americans descend from just one line that crossed the land bridge no earlier than 23,000 years ago. While they didn’t look at Amazonian groups in-depth, the team did find a weak link between Australasians and some South American populations, which they chalk up to gene flow from Eskimos.
There’s just one problem: Evidence of Population y doesn’t persist in modern Eurasian groups, nor does it seem to show up in other Native Americans. If Aleutian Islanders or their ancestors had somehow mixed with an Australasian group up north or made their way south to the Amazon, they’d leave genetic clues along the way. “It’s not a clear alternative,” argues Reich.
Both studies therefore suggest that the ancestry of the first Americans is a lot more complicated than scientists had envisioned. “There is a greater diversity of Native American founding populations than previously thought,” says Skoglund. “And these founding populations connect indigenous groups in far apart places of the world.”
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Pod, back to you: “Good to see you around here. I always enjoy your posts.”
Yup,
Musta been the White Priviledge.
No wonder Columbus tried to find an alternate route to China.
Truly, a horrible time to live near the coast, from the Mediterrianean to Ireland to Iceland. And north to Vienna, Ukranine and Poland
https://islamandwesterncivilisation.com/posts/islamic-slavery/european-slaves-islam/
The Ottoman penetration into Europe in the 1350s and their capture of Constantinople later in 1453 opened new floodgates for slave-trade from the European front. In their last attempt to overrun Europe in 1683, the Ottoman army, although defeated, returned from the Gates of Vienna with 80,000 captives.874 An immense number of slaves flowed from the Crimea, the Balkans and the steppes of West Asia to Islamic markets. BD Davis laments that the ‘‘Tartars and other Black Sea peoples had sold millions of Ukrainians, Georgians, Circassians, Armenians, Bulgarians, Slavs and Turks,’’ which received little notice.875 Crimean Tatars enslaved and sold some 1,750,000 Ukrainians, Poles and Russian between 1468 and 1694.876 According to another estimate, between 1450 and 1700, the Crimean Tatars exported some 10,000 slaves, including some Circassians, annually—that is, some 2,500,000 slaves in all, to the Ottoman Empire.877 The Tatar slave-raiding Khans returned with 18,000 slaves from Poland (1463), 100,000 from Lvov (1498), 60,000 from South Russia (1515), 50,000–100,000 from Galicia (1516), 800,000 from Moscow (1521), 200,000 from South Russia (1555), 100,000 from Moscow (1571), 50,000 from Poland (1612), 60,000 from South Russia (1646), 100,000 from Poland (1648), 300,000 from Ukraine (1654), 400,000 from Valynia (1676) and thousands from Poland (1694). Besides these major catches, they made countless more Jihad raids during the same period, which yielded a few to tens of thousands of slaves.878 These figures of enslavement must be considered in the context that the population of the Tatar Khanate was only about 400,000 at the time.879
For the complete references to the above excerpt, please refer to M. A. Khan’s book: Islamic Jihad: A Legacy of Imperialism, Forced Conversion and Slavery. A free copy is available online.
I learned all about this Watching Mr B. Bunny.
The muslims hated us and each other long before the Crusades. The intolerance of any viewpoint other than their own sect (one of 73 versions) to the point of civil war slaughter dates back to AD 600’s and lasted well past 1150.
But it wasn’t the Crusades that set the stage leading to Europe’s freedom from muslim rule - it was none other than the grandson of Genghis Khan. (and it was this grandson’s wife and his concubine who saved the Christian Nestorians in Baghdad) :
from John Hopkins U, a brief trip down history’s memory lane:
https://www.thegreatcoursesdaily.com/the-mongol-sack-of-baghdad-in-1258/
This is only half the story. Columbus wanted to find a route to the Indies and acquire wealth for one reason and one reason alone. He wanted to finance a new Crusade to retake the Holy Land. It’s all right there in his own writings.
He was a Bible-believing Catholic
Actually, until the late 1800s the Crusades were completely forgotten in the Muslim world.
Why?
Because the Moslems WON.
After the 13th century, all the Crusader states were conquered and by 1453 the Empire of Rome - Constantinople - was conquered.
Islam won.
Why remember a forlorn counterattack? A Counter-attack that FAILED?
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