You misread.
A per-mile use fee applies exclusively to rural, fly-over drivers.
Those who can, and choose to avail themselves of “public transportation” won’t be paying any increased costs. Being “public” those costs will be passed on to the tax base one way or another; either through increased use fees for everyone else, or by looting the public treasury.
This is agenda 21.
The vast majority of auto driving in this country takes place on urban and suburban roads. The term "rush hour" is still relevant -- and in many places it now extends for 3, 4 or even more hours, twice a day, coinciding with the periods when people are driving to and from work.
There is absolutely no reason for the Federal government to finance an "interstate highway system" that is used primarily by local drivers who never travel more than 30 miles and rarely cross a state line during the course of their regular travel.
P.S. — A “per-mile use fee” is the closest thing you’ll ever get to a system where the users actually pay for the infrastructure. I only wish this principle would be applied to ALL public infrastructure and services — like health care and education, for example.