The universities were victims. How about the legitimate kids whose spots in the schools were taken because Of these crooks.
Did the students who were "fraudulently" admitted refuse to pay their tuition and other fees? Did the schools suffer any harm by having crappy athletes on sports teams that nobody cares about anyway? Did these students with fake credentials underperform their fellow students who were "legitimately" admitted? If the answer to all of these is "NO," then I'm not sure how the schools could credibly present themselves as victims of fraud.
How about the legitimate kids whose spots in the schools were taken because Of these crooks.
That's UNFAIR, but it's not FRAUD ... because none of those kids were entitled to be admitted to the schools.