Posted on 02/10/2019 6:37:02 PM PST by NoLibZone
THIS? I don't know whether you mean to distinguish between the pope being "valid" and the pope being "licit."
So; answer both!
Use your OWN definition of 'valid' and 'licit'.
And what would be a reasonable way to answer that last question? Asking Mrs. Don-o? Asking Elsie? Or asking canon lawyer?
Quit avoiding.
I asked YOU and only you.
If you want someone else to answer it; ping them.
Don't be like THESE guys...
23 Jesus entered the temple courts, and, while he was teaching, the chief priests and the elders of the people came to him. “By what authority are you doing these things?” they asked. “And who gave you this authority?”
24 Jesus replied, “I will also ask you one question. If you answer me, I will tell you by what authority I am doing these things. 25 John’s baptism—where did it come from? Was it from heaven, or of human origin?”
They discussed it among themselves and said, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ he will ask, ‘Then why didn’t you believe him?’
26 But if we say, ‘Of human origin’—we are afraid of the people, for they all hold that John was a prophet.”
27 So they answered Jesus, “We don’t know.”
You are right, of course. My point, however, is that while there were black slaves used in tobacco it was the introduction of rice farming (mainly by the Brits working out of the Caribbean where black slavery was already well established) that really saw the big rise in the use of black slaves in the southern states.
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