You can't beat the simple internal combustion engine for reliability at extreme temperatures. All that is needed is a spark and gasoline. Of course, there is the issue of water freezing. So an air-cooled engine is probably more reliable. The viscosity of oil is an issue.
[Of course, there is the issue of water freezing. So an air-cooled engine is probably more reliable.]
“All that is needed is a spark and gasoline.”
You mustn’t forget compression. Ignition, fuel, and compression.
Electronics are very reliable under harsh conditions, even the temperatures you mentioned. In fact, they are probably the least-likely part of a vehicle to have problems.
It got to -50F or lower, most winters, where I lived in Canada’s northern territories. For one of those winters I had an air-cooled VW camper. It wouldn’t work at all, below about -30.
For a water-cooled ICE, you needed anti-freeze rated at -60F, or better. An electric block-heater was mandatory. Off-grid, I used a propane Tiger torch to heat the block, before starting & took the battery in at night. On-grid, I used a block-heater, an oil-pan heater, an electric battery blanket, and an electric interior pre-heater — all at once. Synthetic oil (combined with the oil-heater, on the really cold days) solved the viscosity problems.
#36 Plus you get free heat for the interior as a by product of a gas engine. Electric car owners have to decide on dressing warm or using the heat generated by the batteries and a much shorter range. Reverse for summer.