Electronics are very reliable under harsh conditions, even the temperatures you mentioned. In fact, they are probably the least-likely part of a vehicle to have problems.
Generally, no. Although I have never worked in automotive electronics.
There is commercial grade, then industrial grade for wider temperatures. And even industrial grade parts are not designed to operate in the extreme temps of the recent midwest. There is probably an automotive grade that extends the range even further. Then there is water and and a caustic environment.